        ॥.   . ᪢, 1996.

।⠢    楯   ய,  ⠭  Homo  Sapiens.
⢮    .    ⮨      ,  
  ࠧ筠  䮫    .    - ,  
ਥ樥  .  魮 設⢮ ਢ     祫
⮪, ⭮  ᮢ⭮.

There is  a  new  conception  of anthropogenesis.  The Humankind is a Family
consisting of four types of men.  Two of them are predatory with orientation
for men. They bring to our world a cruelty, dishonor and unscrupulousness.

  ᪮ 祭  ஢ 譥 (1905-1972).

                            

                            

⢮ ९ ᠬ業 ᥬ ।⢠;    ⨭  㬥⭮
ਧ    ᬨ७ -  쥧  ࢠ   碠⢠
  ᠬ.(. ७)

                                  

।쭠 ⮪,  ⮫ મ  饤 㥬 祫⢮,
          .    ⮦ ६  ࠭,
ࠤᠫ ࠧ ᮯ⠢ -    㪢  ᮢ  -  
ࠢ,  騬      ,  쬠     㤮 
:  ᥪ,  ,    ਬ⨢ ࣠,  ⨯ ਩,
ᮢ.  " ࠧ㬭"  ᥡ ᪮쪮  "㬭" 㪮  .
  ⭮襭      ।  ᢮  ⠭  -    -  "樢"
祫⢮ 祬    "⠧" ⨯.   ஥ 
⨬ ,   祢 ᮢ?!     䥪  ࠧ稪
⮣,   ࠩ 室?!        ,   饥 
⥫쭮 ᢨ⥫⢮ ⮣,   祫   ࠧ㬭    ᮢᥬ
⢥  ᮢ       쭮 室  ?   
  祫  ᥡ ᨫ ?     ࠧ      ६
ࠧ㬠?!      祬  稭  ⮫᪮  ⮪  "  த"  
⭮襭  ᥡ ?

 14,5     ठ  㡨.      ᪮
६  饩 ᫮ 뢠 ᥣ  ᪮쪮 "" .
 ࠪ⨪ 9  ᨫ  45  ࠧ -   , 
 ᥬ,  ॢ,  筮 ⠪ ,   "࠭" ⢮ . 
 㤮魮 ⢮   "⢮"  祫᪨  権
      ᭥ 稭  .   㦤
祫  த,  ஢襭  "殬 ⢮७"  ।祩  
   ࠧ쭮 짮 ᥣ 㯭    த
  ᮢ    -      ,   ୮,         ਨ
"᪨   㦤"   祫⢠.      ᥩ   諮  ६
ᯫ稢   ᮢ襭 ᭮  客⢠ 祫 
६  ஢襭  ᥡ  "६  த"  ᥬ ﬨ
  ⮪ ᠬ.

 - ⠪ ᮪ ।⠢    祫,      ᮡ
ࠧ㬭 ᢥ-⢥ ,  ஬ ⭠  த,  ஧
 㪨  祫.      㭨쭮    ᯥ筮  祫
(,  ࠪ⭮  諥,  ᯮ짮 㤨  ..),    
⠢    ⢥  ᭮  :  祬  祫  ⠫   㤨,
⮢  㤨,  ᫨?!!  祬    宧⢮?!    
  ?!  쭥訩 ஢ ᥩ ᮢ㯭 㬠  
㤥      ⢥  ᤢ      砫 祫᪮
ਨ.   祫  ⮨   砫 祫᪮  ਨ.
  砫?    砫?  祬     砫?   ,  ,
  ஢ 譥 (1905-1972 .)  㤠  ⢥  
    "訩   ᮢ" -  ⮬,     ᠬ
 ⮨   ந宦 "祫 ࠧ㬭".  " 砫
祫᪮  ਨ"   ᫥ ࠡ⮩ 祭  諠  ᢥ 㦥
ᬥ⭮.   뢠 ஬  業ࠫ쭠     ୮
ந  - "⨪ 祫᪮ ਨ".  ࠣ᪠ ᬥ ࢠ
ࠡ  祭,     ᯥ ᪠ ᢮ ᫥ - 饥 -
᫮.    室  ᢥ (1974 .) ⮣ 堫쭮 㤠 諮 㦥
 祬  ⨫,   㤠 ᫥⥫,  ᮬ
ந宦  祫,   ஧७ 譥   㯮.
 ⮬  室, ,   ⥫쭮: । 
ࠤ樮,  㦥 ᪨ - 騩 ⨭ -  饣  뭥.
 蠥   ⮬ .

                        

  ᫨    -, 㧭,   . (.. 譥).

(    ᯥ⨢-⨢ "릨"  㤮  ..
譥,            -    -  樨  楯樨
ய " 譥" - ..)

᫨ ।  ⠢      ⫨⥫  ਧ  祫,
     ⮬  ਨ            "  㣮  ᫥"
࠭  ,   ⠪  ⮫쪮 .   㤨⥫쭮:
 ᫮  -  ஭  ⮫ ண ࠧ .

-,    -   ⢥   ,     ண  ⥬᪨
ࠪ⨪  㬥颫.

, -,  ⮫  ࠭,    ,   ⫨稥:  -
-⠪  ⢥  ,  ᯮᮡ   ,     ᨭ⠪,
ࠪ᪮  ⥮᪮ 諥  -    न.  ࣠  
⭮    ᥡ   ,    ⢥ ᮧ,  樨 
䨧᪮  窨  ७  ᮢ襭  ࠢ쭮,       ⨭
ࢭ  뢠  (  䫥),  ᪮஢   ,  
,    ࢭ  ⥬  ᯮᮡ.    ࠧ⨥  祫᪮
ᮧ      室   ਨ      ⥯    ࢮ砫쭮
भ,  ᤢ   ࠥ 樨.

 ,    ᭨,      祫᪨   ᮡ      ⮫쪮
易,       ᫮,   ந  
  ⮣  ,  譮  䥭.    -  ..  䠣,  
㬥颫    ।⠢⥫ ᢮ ᮡ⢥ . -
 ਢ   த 祫᪮ - Homo Sapiens.

                                

 ਠ    ᪮    ⢥ত  뢮,      
᪮묨 訬 ﭠ (த ਮ⥪,  ࠬ⥪, 㤠⥪,
ப㫠)  祫 ᮢ६  䨧᪮  ⨯  ᯮ  㯯
ᮡ :   אַ室 ਬ⮢.   業  業 
   ⢨,   樮஢.  ଠ । ,
㥬 ய,   ᢮ । 쬠 䭠,    楫 
ᮡ    -  ஥ ⥫,  ९,   -  ஬
⥯ 宦  祫.   ଠ,  ࠫ⥪,  ⨢,  - 
ꥬ  ஥ ,  䮫 , -  ᮪ ⥯ 宦 
,  ࠤ쭮 ⫨砥   ⨪ .

 몥  ⠪ᮭ   뤥  鸞 ਬ⮢  ᥬ⢮:
אַ室,  ᫮  ਬ⮢.  ० ᥬ⢥ Hominidae
⠥  ⮫쪮   த - Homo,  ।⠢ ( 뭥譨 ࠤ樮
  ७)  ⢥      Homo   Sapiens.      
᪮  ⫨稥 (ॡ஬䮫᪮  㭪樮쭮) ਭ
  - " ᫮".   몥 ᮢ६  䨧᪮  㪨  
:    稥    ன    ᨣ쭮   ⥬,   ᫥⥫쭮,   
ࠧ     (० ᥣ  孥  ),
     ᨣ ⥬.

⨢, ,    뤥        ,    ᥬ⢮    ண⨤
(Trogloditidae) 䮫᪨  ᯥ樠஢,  ..    ।⠢
  ଠ.  ᪨  ਧ,  ⫨騬   ᥬ⢮ 
䨫᪨   ।饣      ᥬ⢠      (Pongidae   -
祫ࠧ   ),   㦨   אַ宦,   ..   㭮,
㪮,  ⮣ࠤ,  ᨬ  ⮣,  ⮢﫨  㤨 
.

 ᥬ⢥    ⮬   筮   ⫨   뤥      த:   1)
ࠫ⥪, 2) 奮ய, 3) ய.

     த,      ⭮  ᫮  ,   .   
த᫮ ॢ ਬ⮢  業    ⢥⢨ ᥬ⢮
ய  ﭯ.      ।⠢    த:
,  ࠭⠭, ਫ  訬.  業   ய
 ⢥⢨ ᥬ⢮ ண⨤.   ண⨤ ()
   孥   業  ⢥⢨  ᥬ⢮  ;    ᮢ६
孮  ।⠢   ..  Homo  Sapiens,  ஬  
⠪  ࠧ,    ࣠    㭪樨  ன ᨣ쭮 ⥬,
ਬ⥫ ⠪  砩  ⥬ ⮣ ஬䮧.

諮 ६ ᪠:   祬 ⮫⭨ 㤮 奮   ய
   ,  ୮ ᥬ⢮  ,   
ﭠ,   쬨.   אַ室騥, 㭮, 㪨.   
    .   ,     .  ᥬ⢮
砥  ᥡ     אַ室 ਬ⮢,    ⮬  ᫥  
,     ⮢﫨  ⢥  㤨.      ண⨤,
 ய (⠫楢), - ᮫⭮  . ( ᫥
   㤥   뢠   "ண"  -    Troglodytes,  ନ,  
। ..).

  ⥧ 砥   न쭮 ࠦ,        
:  ࠧ   ⠫ ࠡ⠭ ,    ,  
,  "ॢ 祫, ⠪ ࠧ,  ॢ  㤨".  
  "㤠" ⮢﫨   "㤨"?!  ஢
  ࠪ 㤠 ⨬ 㤨ﬨ,    ࠪ 㤠   ⮢
 㤨.    -  祣?!   ᯮ짮?! ⢥  
      ᥣ ᥬ⢠ ண⨤  ࠧ  ஢
 樨.

  ⮨  ⮬,   ,  ࠪਧ  ண⨤ 
⫨ ,  ᪠  -  䠣 (㯮拉).   
୥  㫠,  ⮦⢫饣 ண⨤  쬨,  ⮨ 
⮬,      ਯᠫ      㯭  .       
뢠    ⥧    ।㡥.  ,      ।
  "㯮拉"  뢠,    ,  㭨⥫    
⮬.    ᯮ,       , ࠧ 
    ஢  ࠧ஢    ७  ࣠.  
ᮢ६  ᭠      ⥬  㯮拉 -  
,  㡨, ࠢ,  ,    ,   㣮 
  ᢥ,  㤠  ""   ਦ.    㯮來묨,
ண ,  ⮫쪮   (., )  ࠧ (⨯
⮢, 襩, 饩), 騥  " ⮫".

 ࠧ,    筮  ਧ  ⥧   -⭨
ࠢ,  室騬  ⤠ த⢥  䮬   "⮬  ".
    ᪨ ᠬࠢ  ᠬ稢 祭  ਪ뢠
⨭ ࠧ 襣 ।: "騪", "㯮", "䠣". 
祬-      ,     ࠧ;  堭᪮ 祫᪮
ᮧ ॡ " ⢮७",    (  )    ⢮७  -  
    ᤥ    ,      ய⫨      ᮬ
ய.

  ਬ⮢,    砫  ᯥ樠஢  २⢥  
᪠뢠  ⥩  㯭   뫠   ᢮ 䮫
אַ室饩.    ᮪  ࠢ      ୨       ⭮
室 뫮 שׂ,  ⥬   뢠  , 
    ᬠਢ ⮭宦  ᪮  ⠭.  
⮬  ਬ    뫮  ⠪         .  㭮
ᯥ稢 ᮪  ᪮  ,      ।  
᪠,   , ९루 १ -.

 뫨  來,    ⥯ ⥫쭮來,   २⢥
來  訥   ਬ,   騥   뢠묨   ﬨ   
樥   ⮬᪨ ࣠  童 类 
ࠧ 㯭 ⥩    ॡ뢠   ⪮  .
    㬥颫    -  ⮬-䮫᪨,  
䨧᪨ - ࠧ    뫮.

  ண⨤ 稫     ७ 㡨,    
 ७ ३,   ᥪ,  "",   砫
 ॡ⥫ -祣 ⠢襣  .  ண⨤     襩
⥯  뫨 ⭨, 魨, 㡨栬,   뫨  ᠬ 砫
  ⥫쭮  ⥯  來묨,    ⠢      ⫨⥫
    ࠢ⥫쭮  ᥬ 訬 ﭠ.  㬥,
 ⮬  ࠭    ᮡ  ⥫쭮來.      
  㬥樨      ⢮    㯭  
  । .  ண⨤,  稭    ࠫ⥪  
  ய묨,  㬥    室  ᢠ 直  
㬥  㡨 魨 .

祬,   뫮   ਬ⮢ ࠧ⥫쭮 ᫮ 樥.  
㡭  ⥬,    ,  ⠪   ⥫   饢⥫
,   뫨 ᯮᮡ   "㤮 ".  
          ஡  ⮫   ஢  
஬䮧,  室騩  ⨭ ࠧ  ﬨ  ⢥  祪  
客,  ᪮,  ९⨫,  騩  ᥬ⭮      䨫
.  ண⨤  ⠫   ᮪䥪⨢묨      ᯥ樠஢묨
᪠뢠⥫ﬨ, ࠧ⥫ﬨ, 童⥫ﬨ ९ ࣠᪨ ஢
    ९   .   뫠-   ᪠
   ਭ樯쭮  ࠧ ⠭ - 䠣.  ண⨤
 ⮫쪮  㡨 㯭 ,    ⪨ ⨭   
砥  㡨,    ࠧ訫   㯪 ᪠  
業.  אַ室騥 訥 ਬ-ࠧ⥫ ६  뫨
      ᨫ騪,         室        
⮭宦 ᭮   ᫥ -  . 筥,  ⮬
ண⨤    뫨  אַ室騬:  孨  筮   뫨 
᢮  㭪樨 樨  㭪樨 襭.

  "㤨 㤠"    ।  뫨 ।⢠ ࠧ
⠭  㯭     ᮫⭮ 祬 .   "ᮬ᪨
࣠" ண⨤  樮஢      ,        
ﬨ 㭨᪮ ।.  ⮬   뤥  
⠯.

1).  -  ஢ ࠫ⥪,     ..  Homo habilis
(㬥).   뫮 ६ ⥩襩  魨- 㡨,  ⨯ 堩த
(ᠡ  ⨣஢),  ᮪䥪⨢  㡨,  ஡  ஢  
⮫⮪ ᫮,  ண, ⠬.  ࠫ⥪, -,
ᯮ짮 ⮣     ,  ⠢塞  魨,  
⮫쪮        ,    祣 ॡ  童 
ࠧ .   ⮣ 筮  뫮    ᯮ짮  ,  
  ,  ⮬- ᪮ ࠫ⥪   ⠢ "㤨
᢮ 㤠",       ॡ  ⮣  "㬥".    
ࠢ來  ⠢  稭  浪  5%    ,  ⠪    ⮣ 
ॢ ᫮ ⮣ ⥫쭮 ⢠ 뫮 200- 300 .,    ⮫쪮
  ᨫ      .  ⥭⮢  ,   ⥨,  
ࠪ᪨  뫮,  ᪫祭 㭮  ᥪ.

2). ⥬ 襫 㡮 ਧ 魮 ,  ⬥祭,   ⭮,  
   묨࠭   堩த.   ࠫ⥪  ⮦  祭  뫨  
祧.     ண⨤ ० ਧ   ᮢ襭
 ⨭   䮫:  奮ய.  ᮡ⥫ 
஢  ⭮⥫쭮  ᢥ  㯮  ࠫ  ப   ࠧ⢫
祭  ४.    ⮢୮    ᪨ ﭪ
ᯮ   ॣ,   ४,  ॢ ⬥  ४⮢,
    ४  㣨 ४  ..  த 誠   
   .  祩 奮ய 뫮  ஡      
,  ᥪ 離 ﬨ  ଥ 㡨,  稫 ⮢
 "㬥"  த Homo habilis,  ७訥 堭 ᪠뢠 ⥩
ﬨ    ᠬ    祭    ० ᢮.
 ࠧ,   ⮬ ⠯ ࠧ   ⮫쪮 ,     㦥
,     ⭮,          ᮯ୨⢥          㯭묨     ୠ묨
魨-⭨.

3).  ਧ 㯨   ࠧ⠭    ..    魨
(  ,  ).      ४   䮭᪮ (쭮)
䠪  ᭮  ⠫  室       饩      㬨
ࠢ來.    奮ய  祭 ⥬ ᠬ  堭.   ᭮
   諠  ਧ 䮫᪨  ᪨  -
ய  (ண).    筨  ᭮    㦥  
⨯.  ய 室  ᨬ    ࠧ묨    魨,  
⠤  ࠧ ࠢ來,  ,   ⥫ﬨ .    
 ᯮᮡ  १  ࠧ  ,  孮⭮  㦥
०  魨,      -० ਢ 祭 .
 訩 த ண⨤ ᯮᮡ ᥫ,  ..     
쬠 ࠧ , -० ⥫쭮     .

   ⮬  쥬  ⠯  室       ᫥騬 
樨 魮        業.  砩    
㫥  ய  ᢠ     ਠ ன⢠ 
।,   ਧ  㬮.      ५ ⠯, 
஬ 稭 宦  Homo Sapiens,  ᪨ ਮ, 
  ⨯᪨ த ண⮢, , ᮡ⢥, ய
 ਡ   ᪮ ਧ -  襩 㤭
祭 ᭮ .   ନ騥      ।  業
業 﫨 אַ室 來  ਬ⮢,  ᬮ 
  ७ ᯮᮡ塞.

த ⠢﫠  ⥯    祭   㧪   㠫   室   ⨬
㤨⥫    ⢥筮  ,  ⠪  ࠧ訬  ⥯
祭  묨࠭.     ⮬, ⮡   ᠬ, ⮫
ᯠ⥫,  ਭ樯  "  㡥",    ⠢  㡮砩 ᭮,
᮪஢  ᥪ    ॡ뢠    ࠧࠧ  ଠ   ᨬ   
묨.  ࢮ ᫮  ९⢥ 㯠  ⪠ ⢮
 﫮  ⮬,  ⮡    㬨饥 ⭮     﫮.
ண    뫨 ⠢ ।묨  묨,     
祬 묨,  ਬ,  ᨣ騬  ᭮ ᥤ    ⥬
業.

 த  ᪠  㧪  ய,  ,  ,   쭥襬 뢥
  뢠 ண.  襭 ᪮ ࠤ  﫮  
⮬,   ⨭  頫  㡨 ।⠢⥫ ᢮ ᮡ⢥
.  ᪠ 饫,  ⠢  ᠬᯠᥭ  祭
         ᮪ᯥ樠஢    ("ᯥ樠    ࠫ,
ᯥ樠  㡨"  [2])    㭮  ਬ⮢,  來  
,   㯮來  ᭮ ᪮ 䨫,  﫠  ⮬,
⮡ ᯮ짮  ᢮ 樨  ᠬந騩  ମ
筨.         맢⭮     .    뢠
䠣 (" ᮡ쥢"),   ⨣饩    
      ⭮  ࠪ,      ⠭饩 ᭮
ᯮᮡ ⠭.       楤,  ⮡    
    ᭮  樨,     㦥  ᫥  ᪨
࠭ଠ ⮣ 䥭.

 ࠧ,    ਧ    室       ࠪਧ   
࠮न묨  ﬨ.  -,  ।砩訬  ।   
 䥭  -  䠣  (㣨  ᫮,  ந襫  室  
魮      ⭮襭    ।⠢⥫  ᢮  ᮡ⢥
).  -, ᮢ襭   - 筮 饯 ᠬ
    碥  ᯥ樠樨 ᮡ ᨢ,    樨,
,  ,  ⥬ 祭 ⨢ ⯮窮뢠  ᮡ ,   ⥬,
⮡    殢  ᮡ ᥬ⢮.  ࣥ   -
"ନ"  "ନ楢" -  ⥪  砩  ,      ࠪ
  ᠬ  ன   㠫쭮 ஡  ᥬ  ᮢ 
砫 祫᪮ ਨ,  । ᮢ६ 㪮.

 ⨭    ९  ᥡ ,    
ਭ      ⠥    樨.    ਧ  
ய,     ய,  אַ      ᬥ⭮
 ९  ⭮ ,  ⭮,   ᥣ 㯠  ᥡ
.  쪮 㦤  ࠫ,  室騩      ਬ
 ᫮ ,   ᬮ  ⮩ ⨫樨  ᮢ
᭮  - 栥.   ।⠢⥫ ᢮    -  ⥬
ᠬ 㦥  ।⠢⥫ ᢮ .

 ,   । ࠭ ᥣ ᯮᮡ 㡨 ᥡ . 
 㬥颫  諨    ᫥  ⮣,    稫  
ਢ몫  㬥颫  ᢮.      㣨 㯭  ⠫ 㦥
ࢮ 樥 㡨⢠ ᥡ .   ᪨ ਠ ⠫
㡮砩訬 ᥭ 㤥 ᥬ⢠ Troglodytes.  -⠪ 㪠 
⨭ ⨢稫  :    㡨     ⮬  㡨
ᥡ  .  ந諮  㤢,    ࠧ,    ⮫
 ய.    ० ࠧ        ᬥ
"   ⨢ "  ᮡ⢥ 樨.   ⥭ 
    饢  ஡:  ,  騩  ᠬ  ᮡ,  -  
᪨ perpetuum mobile.

室   ⨢稩   饯 ᠬ  ய 
 .   ०  ࠢ⥫쭮   ୮ ⪮  ,
⠭騩 ᪮ ⨢.  ᫨ ய  㡨
 ஬  ᥡ,      㣨,      Homo  pre-sapies
(祫 ନ騩),  ।⠢﫨 ᮡ :   ॢ饭 
⭨,    㡨  ய.   ᭠砫 ⫨  
  ண⮢  ⮫쪮 ⥬,    㡨   ண⮢.  
,  , ஢  ண⮢,  㦥  ⮫쪮 㡨
᫥,    直  ,  "",   㡨 
ᥡ,  ..   㣨 Homo pre-sapiens.    ࠪ⨪  㭠᫥    Homo
sapiens,  直  ࠧ 㪮 ⥬ ⨢,   㡨 -  
, ᪮॥,   "" (㯭, ).

  宩  ⠭    ய  㯠  ,
   -         業  ।,    㤮⢮ਢ
⥭ "㤨 㤠",     ४        ५
ᯮᮡ  뢠  ,  ⨢    ⠩       㫪,  
஬⥩   ⨫      .      -      
।⠢      ஬,   ⭥   ⤠  砫
祫᪮  ਨ.      ,            㤨,   类
ᢨ⥫    祫 -   ࠧ㬭 ⢮᪮ .   ⨯
"   ॢ"   㦥   ⠫    ࠡ稬    ନ        
ய.

    䠪,   ண⨤   ﬨ,    ᥡ 
祢 ࠧ    .   㤠        㣠,
⢥,  믠    讬  ⢥  ,      뢠
 ⫥ ⨫       ண⨤,  ᮬ,
  ⫨砢   ⨫ ૮,  ,   㣨 .  
ࠧ,  ⪨   ந쭮  ᮯ஢  ᪮
⨥   ண⨤.   ࢠ  짠,  祭      ⠪  ⫥
("থ ந⢠"),  -  ⠯    ⭮  
    ᪥ ⥩.

     "⨨"     室  ,  -  
      ᮧ  ண⨤.      ॡ   "⨥"
⭮  த:    ᤥ,  ⮡    .   ⮬ 㤠୮
孨   ⠫ ᫨誮 ,  㦥    ࠧ,
  ⠭  ।.    室 ⮩   ந  㧤
  । - 㦨  㧤,  
 룮  ᥡ ᢮⢠.

   ᢥ  ६  ⠯ ᢮ .  I.  ॢ,  
. ந, "" .  २⢥   ,
⫥,  묠.    ⫥    ண࠭    ⨫   ᥬ
࠭⢥ ⠭  砫  樨.   ᯮ 
 奮ய  砫 ᯮ짮 묠  ⫥ ()  ⥯ 
⠯ ⭮ .

II. । .  "祭" .   २⢥    ଥ
⫥,  ⥯    祩  ,  㣮쭮  .    砫 樨
ࠥ ਠ  㣮쭮 .   ᯮ짮 묠 (),  
뢠  ⭮      砫  ᯮ짮   ॢ 
ਣ⮢ .

III. 孨   . "譥" .  २⢥ 
ଥ  ,  ,  ७.   㣮쭮   -  ᢥ⨫쭨.
  ᯮᮡ 祭 :  ᥪ  ⮬    ᯥ樠
६ ᠫ,  ७ ॢ  ॢ.  ᢮ ਥ 襭 
.    㦥   Homo sapiens.

 ᪠ ,     , 襬   , 
          ,  ..    ,    ⥬  ᢮  
᪮,   ᪮.

஬ ⮣,  짮      ᯮᮡ⢮      ண⨤
ﭮ   ஢,  ⮬  ⮫  筮  .    ᯮᮡ
ମॣ樨 ࠪ᪨ 㭨 ।  .        ࠧ
⠭  ⠪  ᪨ 䠪஢,   ᡮ ⥩  㤥 
( ६   魨)  ⢨ ⥯   (
),    ਢ   ⮬ ᯮᮡ ⥯,  䥪⨢   ᫮
᮫楯  ﭭ ⠪  ஬  .

  אַ ᫥⢨ ⮫ ⥫쭮  ﭭ 饭   ⥯,
"᥯"  ண⨤  -     ..  "",
..  ﭭ "ᥪ㠫쭮 ⮢" -   ᠬ    ᠬ殢.  -  
ᤥ    (筥,  㦥    ।  -  )  "ᠬ  ᥪ㠫
".          ⨪  (譨):
ᮤঠ      ﭭ  ⥯  嫥   ⠪   
ᥪ㠫쭮 ⭮襭  ᢮묨   ᪨  ਮ;  䥪
,  窨  ..  ࠭  ᪮쪮 ।஢ ଥ,  ⠪
,    祫 -   襭  ᥭ ᥪ㠫쭮.

                           

" 뤥  祫  ᥣ ⭮ " -  .  ୠ,   
ᯮ୮.            ࠪ⨪   몠,   ?
᪮   ᠬ ⢥ ᢮⢮ 祫᪮  - 稥 
类 砥  ()     ⮦⢥,  
᢮  ,  ..  ,     ᪮ 㣮 
⥬  ⮣   த.   ਠ  뢠  祭,  
      -   ᭥   (樥).    
(ॢ,  ᨭ筮)        ᮡ⢥  "",  
⨢묨   栬  祫᪮  몠.  ⭮    ন
஭ ⮣   稥   祫᪮      类  
    ᮢ⨬             砥  饣 
  㣮  .    ⭮      ⨭  
७  ᫥.    ⮣     ᭥,   .  祣
   ᨣ .

   䨫᪮ ஢    -    樨
    ⮫   ᢨ⥫,     ⮫쪮  Homo
sapiens.   ⮣, ᫥  ⮦⢨: ஡  Homo
sapiens -  ஡  ன ᨣ쭮 ⥬, .. .

   ⢥      ⢥  ୮ ᢨ⥫⢮ ᫨,
⮩  祭    .      ⮬  ⨭  ⫨稥  祫  
⭮.  ⠪ ࠧ,  ᫮ - த ᫨,  : 諥 -
 .   祫  業   ᫨,   業  
 ⢨⥫쭮  -   ਨ ( ࠢ襩),   孥  
 ,   筮,   몠 ᫥  ⥬  뫮筮.  
 묨,  襪 (..  ப  ୨).

           砥      ,   奬⨧஢   
᫮  ᪨  㭪権  祫  ⢮  .
諥,  ᮧ,  ,  筮 -   㣨 -  祢
㭪樨,     ᫮ ந.         .
㫠 " - 㤨 ᫨"    ,    ᪨
 室騥 ᫮  ࠦ ᢮ ⮢ ᫨.   
᫨  室    ⭮襭   ⮫쪮  ꥪ- ,   
㣨 ,   ᫨    ࠦ  ᮣ,    
   㦤  ࠦ.

ࠦ       (  稫  魮 ࠧ⨥ ⮫쪮 
祫,   Homo sapiens,             ᥩ  
   ਩)   ਢ     襭  ᫮    楫ࠢ
⥫쭮,  १    ⨢ ,  
ᮧ ᫮ ணࠬ  ॣ㫨஢  ⥫쭮.    
祫  ᢮ । -  㣠  .      ⨩    祫
ࠢ     । ⥩  ,  
䨫    ⮫쪮    祫            ᠬ⥫쭮
ନ஢         訬 樮 । Homo
sapiens, .. ᥬ ।⠢⥫ ᥬ⢠ Troglodytidae.

  ,  २⢥ 孥।   ଠ樨,  ᫥
  ⠢,   ⮬ ࢮ⥯ ⮬-㭪樮쭮,  
 ன ᨣ쭮 ⥬ -  㦠 ।騬   
મ묨  砣  ᮡ⢥  ਥ-।饩  祢  ⥬  ᥬ
稬 ⤥    ,  騬    ⨥  (ᮬ
।),     ⢥⭮  ⨢  -  ⢨ﬨ.        ,
뤥訥  䨫  ⮫쪮    祫,    ⮣  ᮧॢ  
ॡ     ⠫  .   砥 ࠦ  
 祫 稢 ᯮᮡ ᫥  ᫮᭮  樨,  
  砥  訥    訥  ࠧ襭  堭 ᨣ쭮
ࠢ ⨥.

 ਭ樯,  ᫮ ⭮   ᥬ ॠﬨ ࣠,   
 ᥣ 㬥  ᫥. ,   ᫮  ⢮ 
 ⠢  ஢    㣨  娬᪨  ᤢ    ࣠,  
।⢮    ⠭    ᫮䫥   痢   ᫮   
⢮      䨧᪨  -   ⮫쪮  
,   אַ   ࡠ (祭 ᫮),   , 
묨   ᫮᭮ ⢨  楯  ᢥ  ,
  אַ   ᮧ,  祭 ᢮ .  ࠧ
᫮ 䫥ᮢ  祫, 堭 ⥫ ॠ権, ᮡ⥩
    ࠪ⨪ ⢨⥫쭮  ⥬ 뢠,  
⥫쭮      ஭      ⥫쭮   祫    ஭
⥫⢮ ᨣ ࠢ ᮢ.   ୮  ⭮襭
 ᠬ "客"  ᠬ "ਠ" ⮢.   ५  ᫥
뢮   ⮬,    䨫᪨ "䨧᪨ ࠤ" (
ᮮ⭮襭   ⥫)       祬  ,    ।
㬠 ᥢ஡.

[ ਡ.    ⢥ত 襥:  㪢쭮   祫᪮
࣠      ⮣  稭  ᫮᭮,   筥   ᨣ쭮
()樨.    騥 ⨦ , ᥭᮢ  
ᢨ⥫⢠  ⠪  ⢨    ࣠  १     ᨣ
⥬.  ⭮, ࠤ /ᠬ/襭    
ᬥ⥫ ,  ,  ,  ᮢ襭 ஢ 祫  
  㬥    "饬  ਪ".   ਭ樯,  猪,  
    ,    筮    (,  ,  
殮)    堣᪨    ⮤      ᭮⥫쭮   த
祫 .   ࠩ ,   ᪫祭: 筮 ᯮ
 ⨨  ,   ⢮᪨ 㤮, ᮡ - ᯥ,
  ⠭      ᪮஥   祭   १⮢,   ,   .,   
ᥫ樮஢.        㦥  ⮬ ᪮ 䠪,   ..
"⨪"  । . 㣮 ,  ᠬ  ᥡ  
  ᬥ⨨  - ୠ:  祫,   ,      ⮣
६,    " ﬨ"   ᬥ ᠬ:  㤥 " 
 ".]  ..  ⠭ 㭤⠫ 䨧᪨
䠪:   ᨣ쭠 ⥬ 뢠 ﭭ ⥫ 
  .      ᮢ蠥 ମ,  ᥣ  
ࠡ.  ᭠ ⥬ 뢠 ମ ﭨ   ।⢥,
.. ࢮᨣ, ॠ樨.  ମ 㭪 ᫮  ଥ ⫨
㦨   ࠭ ᪮ ,   ⠭ ⮩, 
        襭 த    ᮡ
.

祥 থ ன ᨣ쭮  ⥬    ॣ㫨஢  ᥩ  襩
ࢭ ⥫쭮, ᮬ, ।  " ⨭⮢",  
䠪,    ० ᥣ 뫠 ।⢮ ମ   ࢮᨣ
⥫   ⨢ 䫥ᮢ.  ମ 㦨 㡮 ஬ 
뭥譥 㭪樮஢  祫.

   (ᮡ⢥,   ஭⠫쭠   )      ⮫쪮   ମ
ࢮᨣ   䫥,    אַ  ॠ஢    ।,    
८ࠧ       ,   稭   ᢮      אַ
ॠ஢    ,    (ந樨)   
(⮨樨), .. 祢 砫, , ணࠬ.

 ࠧ,  ᯥ᪠ ࠡ   祫  ᪫뢠    
⠦:  1) ᥭ   祢   業,  2)  , 
ᮡ ।,  ஭⠫ ଠ樨    ᯥ樠쭮  騥
Homo Sapiens   筮-⥬-뫮 , 3) ⠫ ⤥
,  饬 த  祫  訬 묨.

ன ⠦ ८ࠧ 祢   ࠢ 楫    ⢫
 .  ᠬ 樠쭮 ஭  , ᮮ饭 (),
㥬  祫᪮   ।,   ⠭   ७      
⥫쭮.

뭥 ய   ⮢୮ ⭮,     ண⨤,
 ᠬ  ,  ய  (⠫楢    ப  ᫥),  
⥪⮭    ⢮  孨 ஭⠫ ଠ樨 
 ,   ⠪    筮    ⥬  ⥩,  
⢫ ᨣ쭮 ࠢ  ,  ⨥,  ᥬ
㭪ﬨ ࣠  祫.      ⮫쪮    ᪫⥫쭮  Homo
sapiens.  ᫨    孨 । ଠ権   - 
 ,    祫!  ० ᮢ襭 ࠢ  ਤ
饥  祭  饬      (塞 ᮡ ࠧ  
⭮襭   ⥫).  ᭨ ⠪,   ⢮  㡨  ஧
(  )   㦨 ⥫ 樮  ᮪ ஢
.  祭 ࠡ  祫 ,   ᫨⥫  㣨
 㭪 ਭ ⨥  ⭮⥫쭮   ⠢
 ࢭ ⮪,    .  ⨥ ன ᨣ쭮 ⥬ 
        砥    뫮  ᫥⢨ ࠧ⠭ ꥬ  
ࠢ  ꥬ (ᮬ) ⥫,    ..  ᮬ  䠫樨  (
ࠪ⨪  -  樥  䠫樨  EQ)  䨫 ண⨤.
-,   ᪮  樨      ⥭  㢥祭
.  -,  १୮ ࠧ⠭ ꥬ    樨
ᥬ⢠ ண⨤ 뫮  䮫᪨ ᫥⢨ אַ宦 
  ⮬ - 拉, .. 襭 ᢮ ⥨.

㦨 ⠪,      Homo  sapiens । ࠧ   
⠫   ⠥ ࠢ⥫쭮     ய,    
  ,    ᪨   ⠫   ( 1700
.).   ⥬ 祢 㭪   ୥  ⫨砥  Homoi  sapiens  
ய.    ,  樠쭮    ࠧ  祫   אַ 
५஢  ⠫쭮 稭   .  ⮬ ᮢ襭
ࠢ७    㬥⥭  :  㦥    ⢨⥫쭮 祫 ⠪
让 ,   ⠢     த  㯨    樨
(⨯   ୮      쥢     䠧-,  襣  
ᯮᮡ    -  ⮣)?!  [  ਡ.    ⢮
ࠧ⥫ ਬ஢ ⮣,    ࣠ ,    ࠧ
 ᭮ । 祫᪨ ⥫. 筮 㤥 ਢ 
  [27].        (  ⮬ ᫥  祫) -  
  ,   뢠 㤮窠- . 
 (䠫,  ﭪ ),  - ன 㤮窨 
,   ⮫騭 ᫮ ࢭ ⪠ 㬥蠥. 筮  ⠪ 
⬥  쥧  - 襭  㭪権,   ⮬ ᫥ 祭 ᫠
⢥  ࠧ⨥.  ,      ᥣ  ⠪.     㤥   
᪮  㭨  뫠  䠫,     IQ ⨣ 126,  
稫   ⫨稥  ⥬⨪   룫拉  ᮢ襭  ଠ.
  ୠ ⮬,  ᫮ ࢭ ⪠   
   ⮫騭 ᥣ     ଠ 4,5 ,  
騩        ਡ⥫쭮  業  ⠢ 50-150 .  
筮  ।  稭    1350  .]      ந   
⮨    ᬠਢ    ᭮ ,   
      ⨢,  ⨢⢮.    ⥬
 童 ந  ⮨,   襭 
ᠬ襭,   筥,  㣣  㣣.  ࢨ ⠭
襭,        ந  -  ⨢ ⢥  襭,  
⪫ , ⨢,    ⥯.

祭  뤥  祢 饭,   ன  ᨣ쭮  ⥬  
 - 㭪 襭, 㣣⨨.  室     ,
   ⢨  .     室  
,  ⮣ 堭. ਭ騬 ⮬ 襭  
ࠧ   ,      ࣠ 蠥.  襭  
 ਭ㤨⥫쭮 ᨫ ᫮.  ,  நᨬ , ⨬,
"ப"  ࠧ  ।।    㣮,   ᫨   ⮫쪮   
⠫  ⥫ , 㣣, 筮  
  ᫮    .    ⮬      㣣         
㣣.  ᫥  室    ⭮ ᨬ  
 - 筨 㣣⨨.

⨢ ਬ  ᫥   ⥩.            ࢮ   䠧
祫᪮  饭,   ⢫ 砫쭮 ﭨ   ?
    ᨫ쭮,  ਭ㤨⥫쭮 ⠢ ঠ   ,
      ,    㡠,  뢠   .
ਬ୮ ⠪  ਢ  㣨  모.    (-  襭
  ⥩  ⠭⭮  楯樨)  ⢨ 뢠  ⠭⭮,  
⠪⭮,  ⥬ 祢 ᫥  .  ⮨  ⮬, 
᭠砫 室  ⮬ 砥  㦥   ਢ ⢨
᫥宭  ॡ.    砫  祫᪮  樨  (ﭨ)  -
, ମ ᮡ⢥ ⢨ ࣠.  ࠧ, ࢠ
⠤ -  ⬥ ० ਪ.  ⠤ -   ⬥
묨 ।ᠭﬨ, ਯﬨ.

 ࠧ,    类  祫᪮ 樨,   ⮬ ᫥  祢,
騬    ७  - ମ.   䠧 ⬥,  
१ ᫮ ன ࠭ᬨ,  㭨ᠫ ࠪ, 㦨
 ᠬ  祫᪨  ⥬  㭨樨.      न樥,
⮬.  ன  䠧  樨 祫  祫  ᮡ⢥
ਯ:  -,  ⠪-.  - 襭, 㣣.

⠪,  :  ᨣ쭮 ⢨  ᪫뢠  
  ஢ - ⨢  ଠ⨢,  祬   ᢮
।      ࢨ  䠧  -  न⨢,        -
㣣⨢.  ࠧ    ⭨ 㣣⨨ - 㣣,  ..  
⭮襭   業ࠫ묨  ࢭ묨  ⥬    (  )  
㣣   㣣 ।⠢ ᮡ ⨢ .  -
  ⠣   䨧᪨  ᮢ  ।⠢
㦤  ମ.

   祢  ਨ  ᢮      稭  ࠦ.
祢 饭   ,  ᫨         ਪ  (
ᮮ頥 ଠ),      ਭ ଠ. 
  ⢥    ..          㦤
(믮  㪠 ⢨,  ᪨ ਭ ଠ,  
ࠢ ⢥  ..),   室 ।⢠ ⪠.   -   
襩    楯    ࠦ.    ⢥  砭  
ࠢ.  ࠦ   প ॠ樨,  뢠 蠭
᫮.      .  ᪮   ࠦ (㣣⨨)
஬,           ࠭   ⮫쪮      ண
ଠ쭮-⥬᪨ ᪠뢠.

[ ਡ.   ⥫ ࠪ 祫᪮   ᫥⢨
  ⮣,    "-"  ࢮ砫쭮  﫠      ਪ,
ॡ    .    ⥫⢮  ⫨ ᫥  
ᮢ६  몠:  horchen    gehorchen  -    檮  몥,   obedio
(ob-audio)  -   ⨭᪮,  sma -  ,  akoro -  ᪮ 
"",        ६      ᬥ  祭  "",
"",      뫮  砫  -  -몥 - ⢥  ᭮
祭.   室 ਧ  ⨩ ᫥  砩
㡨,   ࠧ      ᬮ   ࠭    몠,      
᪮筮 ᮢ ᪮ ७樠樨.]  ࠧ,
⫨⥫쭠  祫 - .   ᢮⢠ 祫᪮   ⮫쪮
㦤 饭  ॠ ,   ⨢ .        (
ப  )  ।    筮     ᢮⢠  
祫᪮  娪,  ᠬ    ⢫  ⮫쪮    稨  
⥩       ,   ⮬ ᫥   ,  
 ᪫⥫쭮  Homo  sapiens,    ⫨稥        
᪮  ।.  ,   祢 㭪樨 童 ᠬ 㡮
᭮ - אַ ﭨ   ⢨    (樯)      ଥ
襭,  㣣⨨.

[ ਡ.   㡮砩   ᪠      諥      祢
⥫쭮   ⠪ ᯥਬ⠫쭮  ⠭묨  䠪⠬,
   ⨥         諥  ⥫쭮  ⨢  (
⨪୮  ),    㤭      
諥   ⮬ (饬) 몥.   ࠧ,   Homo sapiens
ࠨ ,   ⢥  ᮬ ன ᨣ쭮 ⥬, 
    ᯫ⨫  ⮩      뫮筮  ( ᭮ -
⥫쭮),  ⥬  ᠬ     訫,   ਭ襩   ய,
ᯮᮡ      ।  쬥,   砩訥
      樨;      ந室        吝
⥬.] ⠪,  ᭮,   -  祫᪮ 娪   ,
㣣⨢ ࠡ ᫮ (ਯ) -  ⮣ .    㣣  
    㦤    祬-,  祣  אַ  ᢥ ॡ 
࣠ ࢠ ᨣ쭠  ⥬.  㣣    ⬥  ⨬,
室騥       ,  ⮡    ᥡ  ண.  ⥫쭮,
㣣    㦤    ॠ樨,   ⨢饩,   ⨢
䫥୮      ⤥쭮   ࣠.      ""
-,   ࣠   ⮣ ६ 믮   譨  
७  ࠧࠦ⥫.  祬    ,     ࠢ   ⮣
ந!    쭥襣  ।⮨  ⠭  
  䨧᪨   ࢭ ⥫쭮:  1) 䫥,  2)
⭮ 䫥, 3) , 4) ମ  5) ࠯ࠤᠫ쭮
ﭨ.

1) .      ᮧ⥫쭮    ᮧ⥫쭮      ᯮᮡ
ந宦      䫥.      堭  䫥  ⮢
砩 ᫮;  .. 䫥 㣨, 뢠騥 室  室
ॠ樨  ࣠  ⥣஢    業ࠫ쭮  ࢭ ⥬.   
⮫쪮 ᮥ ,    ࠧꥤ (ମ).   ⮬ ,    㣨
 ॢ  㣨,  ࣨ  ६ ࠧࠦ 
ࠢ     ⢥   ⢥.    ୮
᫮  ୠ  ⥬,          ࠢ  ⮩ ᫮
ࠡ⮩  業ࠫ쭮  ࢭ  ⥬    ,    ᮡ  -
祫.

[ ਡ.   ࠢ,   뭥譥  ୮  ࠧ⨥  ୮  孨
 ""    祬-  ⠪,        ࠡ
祫᪮   :      ,  ..  ࠫ    (⨯
᪮ ᢥ媮),  믮騩 ࠧ ⢮ ,    
⨫  ࠡ  室    ࠢ  Apple Macintosh,   
ਥ஢  짮⥫,  "" 䥩ᮬ.   , 
     "⢥ ⥫", ࠢ  ⢥.]

2)    .       ⮫    ⨢
ᮢ (.,  ᨨ  )   ⭮  ..
   䫥.  ࢭ    -  ⮫  㦤  
ମ, - 㤭  ᨫ쭮 ७஢ 易⥫쭮 譥
ࠦ      "" ⢨ ⭮.   ଠ쭮
ॠ樨 㯠  -  ࠧ,  㬠த.    
"᫮"      堭      襣   ਪ᭮     !
ᯥਬ    ।  ⭮    ᨣ  (ન
誨 窨, 㪨 ஭  ..),  ᯮ   ⠪ 浪
  ᨣ쭮 祭,   ⭮    "ᮩ    㬠",  
ᯮਬ  ⮣  ᢮ 譥 .   
 த묨 ᠬ!  ᯥਬ⠫쭮 ,    
⢨  ࠧ  -  ⭠  ,    室  
⮬      ﭨ,    易⥫쭮  ,  ᫨  
"ந쭮"   ⢨  ⠢    ᢮  ।      㤭
७஢.  ,      䫥  ன,
쥩  ..  ⥯.   ࠧ,  㦨 ⢮ - 
   ᪨   ,         ᯮ㥬         祭
ᯥ樠஢  (  祭  㤫)  ⥫ ᮢ.  
ਭ樯  楯 祬  ࠭祭.  ࣠    ﭨ  ""
   ⢨,    㤠騥   ८⨯, 
 㤫.

3) .   楯  ࣠,   楯 譥 ।
(楯),  ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ७ । (楯) ,
,  楯  ᮡ⢥  (யਮ楯)   
  ⢮ ࠧ  ࠧࠦ  ⮢.        
६,            饬   - ⢥,  
᪠ ॠ    ⮫쪮 ,    ⠪   
⢥⭮  ⢮  ᫮    ᫮  䫥ᮢ    ⠪
ࠧࠦ.  ..  䫥 ࠡ  㭣 "  ,    
".   襬 ⥫   107 ⥯ ᢮,     
    .    ࠧ,  ᫨      ⤥
   । ⥯ ᢮,   ࣨ ࠢ 
믮  । ࠡ,   ,   ⠫    
᪫祭,  ࠭,  ମ.  ⥫쭮,       -
ମ.

 ⮣ ⥪,   ମ          
ࠡ祩  ࣨ  ࣠.   㯠騥 ࠧࠦ,    
맢 ६ ⢮ ᪨ 䫥ᮢ,   뢠 ࣠, 
ᮤ 䥪  䫥୮ 㣨,    ᯮ饩,
..  ⭮,  யਨ饩  稥 .     
  ᪮筮 㬬஢  ᥡ 㦤  ࠧࠧ 室
ᮢ.   ᨬ - ⠪ ᨫ   ࠧࠦ,  
ॢ頥  㦤  ࢠ    ࢭ  業  ମ.   ⮣
  㭪樮쭮    ࠡ:   ⮩,   饣
㦤,   ⪠ 稢 ஢, ᫥⥫쭮 ਮ⠥
ਧ ମ.

4) .  类 㦤 業, ⭮    
 㦤,  ᮯ殮 ᮮ⢥ - 㣮,    
ॡ뢠騩    ﭨ ମ.      ⥫쭮,   
ᮮ⭮  ᮡ  㪠    ࠧ,  ᪨    
ᮯ  .  ਬ,   - 饢,   (
ᮮ⭮騩  ) - ⥫.   ᫨    -  饢
ࠧࠦ⥫,   ࣠ 㦤 ࠧ ,  稭 쬠
ࠢ    㦤    :      饢  業
㯠        㦤 (⮫쪮 "騥  "),   
ᮯ殮  ⥫ 業  ६    
  ࠧࠦ  ࠫ    ࢮ 業.   ᠬ 
業 뢠    ॢ㦤,    室    ﭨ
ࠡ,    ,     뢠 㡮 ମ.
 ⮣,   ⥬ ᠬ ⠭ 砣  䮪ᮬ ମ  , 
ᥩ  業ࠫ쭮  ࢭ  ⥬,    業஡  (७) ࢭ
.  ⥫쭮,   ன  䮪      ⢫
࣠ ᪨ 室 ⢨, ᠬ ⠢ ⢥.
     ᠬ      㣠ᨫ    室  ࣠
⢨.

 ⠭    ࢠ権   樯ப () । 
ॡ ࠧ᪠   "饣 ".   ⠪ "騩 " -    
,  ,  業ࠫ쭠 ࢭ ⥬ (). ⮡ ⢨
- ⢨,  ,  ⮡  ⠫  ᫨  ⢨    
  뫨  ମ.      ⮣  ,  ⮡    筮
㦤  ॢ㦤 - ன 業,  ⨭  
   ⭮襭    ᥬ  ᫨  ⢨,  ஬  .      
㭪樮 ⠣.   ⮣,     ⠣ 㦤  
ମ    ࠧ⮩ ଥ,  ࠩ ,  .

 -        ᠬ  ਭ樯,     
ࠧ ந宦 祫᪮ .

 奬  䮪ᮢ,  ६  (⭮) 
ࠧ  ७  ਭ樯  ⥬ ମ  㦤.  堭
㦤 ᠬ  ᥡ ⠥   ⥬      祭  ࠧ  ஢
ࢭ  ⥫쭮  ᮪ࠧ⮣ ࣠.   ᪨
訩,  ᮡ⢥  䫥  .  ६   ,   ᫮
稭 - ⨢饥  ମ.  ମ    ,
ନ ⠣᪨  - ,   ⥬, 㦤. 
⭨   ⮣  ,    ,   ⥬ ᠬ ਤ 
 ⪮,  ୮,  䥪⨢.  ମ -    १
,  ⨢  砫,  ࠡ뢠饥  ⠪,   
   .

ମ -     砥  ᫠,  饭  (  ⠫
०),    ,    -  ⨢  ,  ࠧ뢭  易  
㦤.  ⨥ "ମ"   ᮮ⢥  ࢮ砫쭮
 ᫮.  ମ  ࠡ祥 ﭨ.   訥  ମ
   묨    ࠢ    㦤,  ⥫쭮  
᫮묨, ਭ騬    樮 ஢.

⨢ -  ᢮⢮  ᥣ  .        த  - 
ࠡ⪠   ᮢ襭 ।  ॠ஢,  ..  ମ 
ᠬ   ॠ⨢.   襭⢮    -    ᮢ襭⢮
ମ ॠ権.

"" ⭮ -      ᯮᮡ    ॠ஢    999
   1000  㦤.  ⭮  ᯥ譥 ॣ
ᥡ  ॠ樨.        ⭮襭      ࣨ
ॠ⨢:  ⨢, 室 ࣨ  ମ   室 樨
 ᪨ ய.  ⮩ 室饩 ਢ 室  祫  
 ,   쭥訩  ⢥   ମ.  ⮡ 
ந諮,   뫮   ४祭 ० ⥬  ମ
ॠ⨢, 饩 ,  ⥬ 襣 浪.

     㤨⥫쭮  ⮬,   ࣥ᪨  ମ "⮨
஦"?   ⮬    த  ண,  ᮢ襭⢮
ॠ権  ࣠.     ࠯஢   -  祫.
饨⭮,    ࠬ    ࠧ  室
    ࠧ  ࠬ-਩,  祬  祫.   ᮡ -
ਬ୮ 164  ࠬ-਩,  蠤 - 163 ., ஢ - 141 .,
 祫  - 726 .,  ..   4,5 ࠧ , 祬   .
 ⮬    ᢮    蠤    ஢  室  33  %
ࣨ,  ᮡ - 35 %  ,  祫  - ᥣ  5 % . ⥫쭮, 
⠫   688   500   ࠬ-   ਩      ࠬ      ⥫,
ࠡ뢠  祫          ࠧ  
ॠ樨  ।.  室  ମ ॢ室 室  㦤,  
 ⠥   樮  ᮪ ମ ମ.

5)  . ମ    ⥫
 ⮬ 뫠  祭 ⠢ 㬮⥫쭮 ⥧,  ᫨  ,  
,  ⢮ 㤨⥫쭮 䥭 襩 ࢭ ⥫쭮:
࠯ࠤᠫ쭮 ﭨ.  -    㧭,  - 
    ॢ㦤  ⥫쭮      
 ⭮ ࠫ , "㫨" ஫ ମ .
࠯ࠤᠫ쭮 ﭨ ॢ稢  :  㭪
㦤  ମ    .     䫥.

 室   㦤        ମ        ।
ࠡ᪨ ⠤.  1) ࠢ⥫쭠 ⠤,   ࠧ ᨫ
뢠 ॠ  ᨫ.  2)  ⥬  ࠤᠫ쭠  ⠤,  
   ࠧ   ᨫ  뢠  ॠ,  ⨢    ᨫ.  3)
ମ ⠤,    뢠  ࢥ ⮩  ⥫쭮
㦤,      ஢饥         ࠡ祣   ࣠.   4)  ,
࠯ࠤᠫ쭠  ⠤,    ⥫  ࠧࠦ⥫   뢠
ମ,      ⥫,   ..   ମ,  ࠧࠦ⥫  뢠
⥫ ॠ - 㦤.  ࠯ࠤᠫ쭠  䠧  ᯥ筠
⮫쪮  ,  - ⮫쪮  .

⠪,   䫥  -  ஬    ᮡ த 䫥ᮢ:  
ࠧ ॠ樨,  筮 ମ  ஫ ମ  ,  
⨢騥        㯠騥            ଥ      ᫮
࠯ࠤᠫ쭮  "⠭  ",  ᨨ,  ..   ॢ饭
㦤  ମ  ⭮.

 ࠧ,      ஢   ࠧ⨥    ᫮  ମ
  堭 襩  ࢭ  ⥫쭮.    䨫᪮
⭨   -         ਬ⮢  -  砥  襭  ࠧࠧ
 ॠ権;  ᮡ  ⥭ᨢ    ࠧࠧ    .
  뢮  :  ࠧ   ⨣ ᨬ㬠   ਬ⮢,  
  ,    ।  ଠ   祫         ᥬ⢠
ண⨤,    ᮡ   襩 ⥯,  ய (ண⮢),
   訬  ⨬⮬    䫥ᮢ.  ஬  ⮣,
  䫥  㦨 ᢮⢮ ⮣ -  뢠
ࠦ,   ᯮᮡ⢮ ࠧ ᯥ᪨  ⠭  㪮
⠪⮢  樨.

 ᭮,     襩 ࢭ ⥫쭮   ,  
ࠪਧ  ⨢,  ⭮  ᪨ 樮쭮
䫥୮  㭪樮஢.  ,    ""  ᯮ짮 
樨 ⭮   樨 -    .    
  砫  祫᪮  ਨ    ᠬ  祫  -    
ॢ饭 ⮣ "⥫쭮",     "⮫᪮"  
,   ⮣, 쭮  ,   ਭ樯쭮  
ମ,  ࠪୠ   ண⨤,  ⥬ ८ࠧ
 祫  ⥫   襩 ࢭ ⥫쭮.

 䥭   ମ     ⥪,  ,  ᫨  㬥  뢠
("९")  ⠪  ମ  ⢨,    ᮬ  ମ
樯ப   (易)   䫥,  訥  ।  ⥬    ⨢
ﭨ. , ⮢   設  祭   ,
  ᠬ  ᮢ襭,  䫥ᮢ,    ᠬ  ᫮    
.

    ਢ   ⢨  த?      뢠  
   ,   筮   㡮   ⠥,  ਧࠪ?    
-⢥ 室騩  ⮣ த  堭:  ᨫ  樨,
ࠧ⥫쭠      뫮 ९.  .. ࠦ⥫
䫥,  ࠦ⥫ ⢨ 騥 ⮫쪮  譥  
䫥୮   ,   ந   㣨   .      ⮣  ᨫ
⮬᪮ ࠦ  类 אַ ९ ᯮᮡ 맢
 㣮   ⢨.

, 맢    ᨫ ࠦ,  ⢨    ࠧ 
⥬ ᠬ ⢨,  ஥ 㦨  ⮣  ମ  ⮩
  ⮣      ⭮ ⢨,  ஥     
࠯ࠤᠫ쭮 ﭨ   䫥.      ⮬  砥
ࠦ  ॢ ମ ⢨  ⨢,   㦤,  
⥬ ᠬ ମ ⨢ ⭮ ⢨.

 室饩  ਢ    䫥ᮢ     室饩   ਢ
⨢  ᬠਢ  窠   堭
 ஢ ମ   䨧  襩  ࢭ  ⥫쭮.  
ମ 堭   न,  .

 ᨫ       ࠧ   樮   䫥ᮢ      ⮬᪮
"ந쭮"  ࠦ          ।⠢   樮
室饣  鸞:  ⨢      쬠 ࠧ ஢
䨫 ⭮ ⢠.   ⭮  ⠭   ,  
 ਠ. ᫨  ᬮ ࠦ⥫쭮  ࠬ  鸞 -
ਬ⮢,    㢨 ᪫⥫쭮 : ஬訩 樮
ꥬ  ⥭ᨢ  ⮣ .   ⮬ ᫥ ⠥    
  -  訬,    -  ॡ 祫,  ⮬᪮
ࠦ⥫쭮  祫  ⮫.

 ᯮᮡ    ⮤ "롮  ࠧ":   
ᤥ -  । ᯥਬ஬ ࠧ -  㦭
䨣,   ᮡ  ࠬ    ன-ࠧ.    
ਭ樯  १:  ࠦ    訬         ⮫쪮
⢨,      १  ⢨  -   ଥ,   ஥.   -
⢥ ५,    ଠ  ।  ᯮᮡ    ⭮⥫쭮
ᨬ  ⨬㫮  ࠦ⥫쭮 ⨢.      樨
"ॢ  "  ண⨤    ஬  ⠯  (襫),    ଠ
।   㦨  ᢮  ᫮  ᠬ饥  祭      
㭪樮 祭.

⠪,  ஬  ⠭  ⨢  "ᯮᮡ"    䨫
ਬ⮢.    ᭮   ࠯樨 ⮣ 뢮  ᫥騩 ⠯
樨:  ᨫ   ⨢      ᫨    ᥬ⢥
ண⨤,  ⢥⢨      (ய,    ய,
 ), 稭   業. 㡮 ७ -  
樫  -    砩 ⥯ ⨢ (宯ࠪ)  ࠢ 
ଠ  祫.  쭠  ⨢      
䠫.

᫨  ⮫ ३  ଥ,   㢨 砩 ⨢
 ࠭ ⮣  ଠ  ⥩.    ॡ    祢  
ࠦ  訩 ࠧ  ,  祬  ,  ⮬ ᫥  
⥭襩:  樮 । ᮢ६ 祫   ᨫ쭮
⨢, 祬  訥 .

    ᮧॢ   ଠ쭮   祫,    ⮬,  ⨢
.    祧 ,   ᮪饭,  ᭨, 㤭㫮.
   ந஢  䠪 襣 祢 .  楯
㪮 ᨣ,  ..  䨧᪨ 㪮 㦮 ,   祫 
100  ᥪ㭤,  ⥬    祭  150  ᥪ㭤 㯠 筠,
ࠩ ।஢  蠭 㪮, 300-400 ᥪ㭤 室
  ᯮ  㪮  㦥    䮭   祢 ᨬ,  ..  
䮭᪮ "".  ᫨ ࢠ ⠤ ᢮⢥ ᥬ , 
  ⥪    ⠤    ᮪ ࠧ
樨  ।⢥ 樮  ।ਨ  祫,  ⮣  
 -  室  ⮭祭   ᮢ६ 祫.

 ⥫⢮  ᥣ  ᪠   ⨢  㦠
ࠡ⠭ ,  ࠭訥  ⫮ ⢥筮 .    
᫥   ᫮  "㤨  㤠",  묨  짮  Homo
sapiens ( 魮   쥧 ⫨稬      ࠫ⥪),
奮ய       ய.      宫      ஬   ਨ
᪨   ,               ⢠,
ᢨ⥫    ०    ᥣ        ⮬᪮    ࠡ⠭
ᮮ⢥ ⢨  ᮧ⥫.   㤨 뢠 
   20 ,   । -  60,   孥
() -   90.  ᭮  ᮢ६  ᯥਬ⠬,  ⮢
 "㤨" ॡ  ᪮쪨   ᨬ .

ந 让  䬥᪨  .  ⠥,      ᫮
 室 ணᨢ ᤢ  孨᪮ 樨  .
""  ᫮ । १ ६  30  (⠪ ࠧ,  
砫 ᪮ ਨ  뭥譥 ६ ᬥ  70  !).
    孨, 䮫,    
    浪    50.000   .   ᫨   ࠧ   
᪨  ண      20  ⠯ (  祭 ஡
誠 砩,   㫮 奮᪨ ᤢ),    ⠯
ਤ  稭  浪  2.500  .     ।  
訩 ᤢ  孨 ⮢  㤨  室  稭  浪
200-300  .    ᮨਬ       ﬨ  ᠬ
㠫쭮 ᮧ  祢 ଠ⨢ 㭨樨.  祢
  ⮫᪮  浪.    ᢨ⥫  ࠭樨 
      㥬  権,  ,  
.           ᪨  ﭪ  襭
६  ⮦ ᢨ⥫  ⮬,    १  
 뢥 ⭮  ࠦ⥫ ⢨.

 㦥   뫮   ᪠      ⠭  ᨫ,      ࠧ
 䫥ᮢ   䨫᪮  室饬    ,  
 ࠯஢  쭥襥 ⠭  ᥬ⢠ ண⨤.
   ⨢ ⠪  騢  ᢮  ᨫ    ࠦ  
।  䨫  鸞  ਬ⮢,    ⢥  ।  
쬨樥  ⮣  ᥬ⢠ ண⨤.   ,   
  室 䠪  ⨫,   㯨  ⢨ 
ᮡ  ᪮  ⮣ ᥬ⢠.

न  ⠢   ମ  ⥫쭮  業ࠫ쭮
ࢭ ⥬ .  ᯥ᪠ ଠ ମ ࠧ 
㭤,    ᭮  ண      室      ࢮ
ᨣ쭮   ⥬   (᫮      ᫮  䫥)    ன  -
祫᪮ .   ᠬ  ᥡ न     ਭ  
ன  ᨣ쭮  ⥬.    न樨  ⬥    祭
  祫 ⪠ 樨 -  ,    .    
堭 न樨   㡨 ࢮ ᨣ쭮 ⥬.  
童  楫 ,   ⮫쪮 孨   ஢,    ।쭠
設    ࢮ ⠦ 祫᪮ .

稬 ᫥騥  ஢.
1.   堭  -  ᥣ    "⢫祭  ",  ..  祭
-   ⮣    ⮢饣  ⢨  ᨫ  ⨬㫮,  
࣠ ᪨ ᯮ   ।.   न  
  ⫨砥    ⮩  樨,  ࠧ  ᢮ ७.
2. ⢥ न樥 ᫥  ⠪  ⢨  ⭮
䫥,     ⮣  ⥬    㣮  ࣠  ஢
⨢ ࠦ ମ  -  ⢨.    ᠬ  
⢨   ६   "頥".      ⠪  砥  室    -
 䫥 ࢮ   ࣠ - 뢠  易⥫쭮
ᨬ  ࠯ࠤᠫ쭮 ﭨ.  ⠥  ᮡ⢥
 䫥ᮬ   ᪨  ९      
ᠬ஭      -    ⨢  ⢨     㣮
.
3. 訬  ஢  न樨    ⠪    ⨢  ମ
 㦮 ࣠,    ப  ⥫쭮,  ।
-  ମ  ⠪  ᯮᮡ  类  ⥫쭮  न⨢
ᨣ.  -   ⨦  ᠬ   (..    ⠢
-  १ࢭ  ⨢  ମ ᥣ ⠫쭮),    
 ࠫ न 㦨 ⮩ 㯥쪮,  ன ᫥騩
蠣  㦥  砫쭮 㯥쪥 ன ᨣ쭮 ⥬.

 ,    ய, ࠦ ᠬ  㣨 ,
   ।⠢訬 ᮡ -  䫥,   뢠 
⨢न⨢ ॠ.  ᠬ ய  㦥
஧  뢠 㦨   ᮢᥬ ᮡ     .  
᢮    祫᪮ ૥  ᮡࠫ    ࠭,  祬
५ ᢮ ᯥ᪨ 童ࠧ  ("   ३    㧭
").    "ਡ",    "㡨"  (..  ⥫  ࠭祭
ࠧࠧ ⮯),  ᮫⭮ ᥭ   ३  , 
      㡨.        ࠧ  ᥡ   
 ;   ⮬ ᬮ  -   ࠢ    
।⠢⥫       ᠭ  堭 襩 ࢭ
⥫쭮.

⢮ 祭          뢠      ,   
祫᪮  諥      騬   ।
᢮⢮. ⨢,    ய,   ⮣  ॡ ᭠砫
।      㠫쭮  ࣠,    ᯮ魥 
ࠢ    .    쭥襥      ८ࠧ   
頥  㠫 .    , ᫨ ᪫ 
⨪,  ᭨  "" ᢮⢮?   ⢥  ⡮  
࠭  "।"  ਧ.   ࠫ ਧ  ᢮⢮ 
.     ᭥:   ᭠砫 뫮  
 ࣠,  㣮,    (),  㣮.

 ࠧ,         ।⥫   奬   ࣥ樨
ண⨤   ,  砢          ய  
訢    ⥫ ଫ Homo sapiens.  ,  
 ,   砩襩 ⥯  ᢮  ᨣ  न  
⭮襭  ३  ,   묥 ⥭ ࠭   
ᥡ .  ⥭  ।     ॢ饭  
"ନ楢", 㣨  "ନ".   㣮 ஭,  ⨢஢ 
䨧᪨     堭     ⨢⢨:      㣣⨢,
⠪⭮.

   砥  襭 樮 , ४饭
 ᪮ 㯠⥫쭮 ⢨,  祫  ᯮ몠.
  㪠뢠    ࢨ,  ᫨    -    ਧ,
 㣮    -   ⮬  ਢ    -  㣮
ᮡ  ⮣    ,       ࠧ訬 ஡  ⥮ਨ
⢥ ⡮.   ⠪ ਧ,   ⠪ ஡  ⠫  
⥮ਨ  樨 㤮  ய.  ࢨ,  ,  祬,   
訥 樨 樮, ਬ  ய.

 祫 ࠡ 業ࠫ쭮 ࢭ ⥬  ࠧ    .
1) ୮-७,    ..   ⢫騩   ਥ,   ஢,
樨஢ ࠧࠧ ࠧࠦ.
2) 䥪,  ..  ⢫騩 ⥫  ⨢ ॠ樨, 
⮬ ᫥  訥  ⥬  ⢨      ⠯  ४஢.
3) 㣣⨢,  .. ⢫騩  㪠, 㯠  ࢮ
,   ⢥⮢,  ᢮⢥ ஬ ,  㣨,  뢠묨  
ன ᨣ쭮 ⥬.  㭪    "ॣ㫨饩",  
   ॣ㫨஢,   ந宦  ᢮  -  㠫쭮.
㭪,    뫠 ࠭ ࠧ   ,  ⠭
ᯮᮡ  ᠬ࣠樨  ⥫쭮    ,  ᪮
⢨  ॢ頥    ࠯  ᠬॣ㫨  ⥬;  
易   ८ࠧ 㣣⨨  㣣.

ࠧ ⮣ 쥣     ᢮  樮      襩
ࢭ  ⥫쭮    ,    室   ᢮ ।⢥
    ய  (ண⮢).      Homo   sapiens   ந室
न쭮 ८ࠧ - 室 न樨  㣣.   䮫
      ⮬   ᮮ⢥       쬠    ࠧ⮣
஭⠫쭮 ⤥   ,  ᮡ 孥  , 
  ⮣  㬥襭  ꥬ  뫮筮  ,      䨫
ண⨤ 㪫  ⥭ᨢ ࠧ.  ,  ஭⠫쭮
⤥,  ⢫ 稭 ⢨  祫  ᫮᭮  樨
(饩   㣮   ᠬ ᥡ) - ଠ ⠫ ॠ権 
⥫쭠 ⨢ 㦭 䨧᪨ ⥬.  ࠧ,
  ⮪  ன  ᨣ쭮 ⥬    ଠ樥,  ..  
ᮮ饭 祣-       㣮,    ᮡ  த  ﭨ  
  ⢨ 㣮 - ᮡ 饭   ਡ   㭪樨
ᮮ饭.

न -  맮 ﭨ  ࠫ    -
⢨    ᪫祭  맢  樮 ஢樥.   
 न樨   ਭ樯  襩 ମ  㣣⨨.  
    ⮪  㣣⨨,      ᮡ⢥  "襭" 
 뢠 ࠧ   ।   ⢨.  ᫥
।   ࠧ  .

 ࠧ,    Homo  sapiens  ᮢ襭⢮   ᫮ ""
祪,   믮 ⨢ ,  ..  ᯥ᪮  饭
(㣣).    ⥬ ᠬ 㣣   ᥡ  ⨢稥:  稭
ᮣᮢ   ᨣ  ⥬,    ⨢⠢    
諠.        ⨢稥    த⨢:    ਢ  
㣣⨨    ⠯ ⠭ 祫⢠.

 ⠪ ࠤᠫ쭮,  भ ᢮⢮ "-" ("    -      ")
⠭ 砩襩 ᯥ䨪 㣣⨨   ⥫쭮 .  , 
    ⤥쭮  ࣠   (६   ॠ      
⨢ ⨬㫠),   ⭮襭   ࣠, 
ன ࣠ ॠ  אַ    ⨬,    ।⢮  ॠ権
ࢮ,  ࠦ   ᮢ⨬ ⨬㫮    ⢨.
 ண    ॠ஢  ࢮ  -    ⨭,    
ᮡ⢥     ७     ﭨ.     -          ᮢ
⤨७஢   ࢮ      ।⭮  ⢨,
᫮    ,    ᮢ  ⠪  ᤢ ᨣ ⭮ ࢮ (
-).    ⠥ !     뤥 
ᮢ襭 㭨쭮   "⨥".  訬 ᫥,
 묨  樨 த ⨨  㦨 ,
         -   祢      .     -  
஫᪨,    ᪨,  騩   ⮫쪮   祫,   䥭
⮦⢫  ⮢,  ६ ᮫⭮ ᪫ 
㣠.   몥  䨧  襩  ࢭ  ⥫쭮    ,
⠡஢  樨 "訡"  ⨢ ࢭ ᮢ,
..  㦤  ମ.      "訡"      ,  ᫥
ࢭ 뢠, 易⥫쭮 ᭮ ࠧ,      
᪮ 㣣⨢ .

 - ⢥ ⭠ ଠ  㣣⨢  ࠧࠦ⥫  :
祬    祫  ,    ஦    ᮡ⢥ 饭 
,    ⮣,  ⮡ ६ ࠫ  ᫥,  騩
䠪       堭 ࢮ ᨣ쭮 ⥬.  
䠪   ⨨ ᪨ "᫥",  ""   뢠
-      ⠪    ஢  -      ᪮,     
⭮,  ﭭ   饭. ,    - ,
  ய,  ᯮ  㭤  ⥬.  ,  
 䨧 ࠤ樮 (       ୮)  ᬠਢ  
⮫   ࢭ   ⥬,         ன   ᨣ쭮  ⥬
८ࠧ  ⮩稢 . "࠯ࠤᠫ쭠 䠧"  祫 
⭮襭  襩  ࢭ  ⥫쭮  ஢ ன ᨣ쭮 ⥬
⠫ ,   ᪮쪮 㯠    ( 訡筮
ਭ,    ७,   ᠬ    -  ᮢ 
).

 ⮩稢 ⥩,   म,  ⨯ " ,     " 
뫮 ⥬ ᠬ 室  ஢,  ᫨  ࢭ ⥫쭮 
⭮.  ᫥    㬠  뫠     樥   ।
ࠧꥤ   ⮢,   ⠢   ,      .  ⮬
⨢稢  ꥤ  ᮮ⢥  -   ⨢   ॠ,
  ᢨ⥫⢮    थ    㦤    .   ⮣
⠥ 䠪,  ࠦ  ..   . 쪮: 类 祫᪮
⢮      ଥ   ⭮   (७   ⨢稢).  
ந  ࠧ  ६  稥    ⨢  
 ࠧࠦ,  ஥ "뢠" ଠ  ࢭ ⥫쭮
 .

⭮     "⥬  "  ࠧࠦ⥫,    ⫨    
०,   ..   ७ॣ    ࠧﬨ,    "    ⥬"  ,  ..
७㥬.  ⨢,   ⮦⢫,  ஬  , 祣
饣      ᬥ襭:    ᬥ襭,  ⠬  㤢,  
饭.   - ⠪  ,        ।⠬  
।⠢ﬨ  :  1)  祢  ࠧ稥  ᨬ ⨥  2)
室⢮  ᫨ﭨ;  ᫨   ⮣  㣮   -  ⥯  -
⮦⢫ .

 ⨩  - 㡫;  ८ ⨩ - ଠ쭠 .
८ ⨩  । ⠪,    न  ठ.
筮  (᫥, ) 㯠   믮
᫮ .     ॢ:   -  믮  ᫮
ठ.     ⮣  ப 饭.  ᫮ ठ - 
⨢⠢  ६  ᭮      :   1)   易⥫쭮
筮   (   ᫥),   ..  <    ࠢ  >,  2)
易⥫쭮 ⨢,  3)  "-" - "-".   ⠪  砥,
  筮  ᫥ ᬠਢ  襭  ࠢ.  ,
   㫨஢  ᢥ      ⨢.    ,
㫮  ठ  㦨  = .    -    - ࠧ,  
  ⮦⢥.

  ,   ।,   ⮫  ᮢ⨬  
㣮,  䨧᪨  㦤  ମ.   ᠬ
᭮  ᫨ﭨ       ᬥ訢.   ⢥,      䨧᪮
⠣  㦤  ମ 室 类  㭪樮쭮
樨    祫᪮   娪,         (䮭᪠   
ᨭ⠪᪠   ).     祫    ⨩      ᫨
㦤  ମ,  -   ᫨  ⨩    ࠧࠦ⥫
⨢ .

 ᯠ  -   ᮡ த:   㡮 諮 ᫨ 蠫
饭 ९  ⠧,   ࠧ⨥  ᠬ  ,      諥,
᫥  ஢  ᨫ ᫥.  "    ,  
᫥  ᫥".      㣫  ७  䨧᪨
ᮢ -  ,  㣫 ७  -  ...

   ,    ਭ 祧襬 諮.  諮
.   ,  ⮡  ᪫ 뫨 ⪠   ,   
ᥬ,    饭    ⠨⢥,   ࠧ筮  ॡ竨.  騩
ண  㣮  ࠧ ९⥭  樢     稢
쥬   㤫묨 䠭⠧ﬨ.

                         

 ,      ஡  ய  㦥   ⠭   
䮫᪮  ⫨稥  Homo  sapiens   । ,    ॠ
⭮襭  .      室      ⭮襭  
,   ண  ⠫ ⫨  ⤥.  㪠  ய
  㪮      ᪨  ⭮襭      ⮩
।⢮襩  ,    ன  ⢥⢨.   뫨 ⭮襭 
᪨,   ᪨,  ⭮襭  ७樨,  ᨬ  
ࠧ⨧,  .     ⮩ 㪥   ७ᥭ
   ॠ ⭮襭    ।  ମ.    㪠  
祫  ந ᤢ,   ࠢ   ୨᪮
ॢ樥.

    ࠧ,  묨 ७ ஡  ⠭
Homo  sapiens.  筮  ᮮࠧ    ,    ᮡ
।  ॢ⨫  .    ᫥  㬠,    
⠫  ஦    ᢥ   ,    ⥬ 樨 ⠫
쬨.     ,   ,  ⠢訥 쬨,    ⪨  ப
訫  ମ   ⠢    ६૨:     
 ⠥ 쭮 饢 ᮢ  ⢠  .  ୮
   ⥬    ॠ  ⭮襭    ࠧ⥩  
Troglodytae,   室   ⭮襭  ⠢  ,    ⥬  
ࠧ묨  ,  த      ⮬ ⠪ᮭ᪮ ஢ 室 
᪨  ⭮襭      㣮  (⠪,      ஬   
).

   ᠥ  祫 (Homo sapiens),     ᥣ  35-40
  ⮬ .   ᪨  ,  騩  ⥬  
㦠饩 த,  ..  騩 ⭮⥫쭮 ᠬ  ᪮७
(  ⥫᭮ ࣠樨),  稭    ⮣    .
砫 ⠪ ᠬ ᫥ 뢠   ,   
ᥬ      祫᪮   ਨ      ࠢ      ⠡
᪮  樨    ࠢ  楯 ॠ樨 뢠.  
 - !  室  ᬥ ᥣ ᪮쪮  .

窮   㦨  ୠ  ࣥ      -  Troglodytes
(ய)    Homo  pre-sapiens,  ६⥫쭮  ⮤  
㣠  ⠪ᮭ  ⠭  ,  ,  த,  ᥬ  ,
,    ⠭    ࠧ  ஢  ᠬ࣠樨 ਨ -
᪮    樠쭮.  쪮   ⢮   ࠩ   殮
᪨  ⭮襭    ࣨ騬   ᭨
⮫  砩      ஬䮧:  ⯮窮뢠   ,
ணᨢ   .      ⮬   ,     ᠬ  砫  ࣥ  
ᮯ஢ ࠧ ॠ.  ,   ।    ॠ
ந室   ⮥   ࠧ  ᪨        .
⥫쭮, ।  த ⢨  ᮡ 堭 ⡮,
⨢ ࢨ᪮, "⢥".  祭 ᯥ筮 , 
: , ⫨騩 ᨥ ᮢ 襩 ࢭ ⥫쭮:
"⭮ ".

 ஡   ய      筮    㧪  ᫥  䮪஢  
ࠢ⥫쭮  ࢠ  ६,    ࠩ  饭.  "
祫"     祭    ௠  ᫮  ⥬  ࣥ樨
ய  Homo pre-sapiens.    ॢ    ஭    ⮣
ࢠ ᥣ  15-25  ,   -  㪫뢠  ⠨⢮
ࣥ樨, த襩 .

     ୮  ஬  ࠧ    Homo   sapiens   
த⥫᪮    Troglodytes,    "" ⥬ ࠧ
  .    襬 砥      ᪨
,    ࠧ   .    ࠧ  "ᮧ⥫" 
娩 ⥭ᨢ ⡮஬ ய  뤥  ᢮ 冷  ᮡ
樨,  ⠢訥  ⥬ ᮡ .  ᮡ塞  騢 ଠ,
,  ⢥砫 ० ᥣ ॡ ⫨   न.  
뫨  "襫".        㤠      㡨
ய.   ᫥     ਯ.  "襫"
  㤠 㤨 ᨫ ⨭ " 㡨",  ..  ⠢ 
㡨  ய,   "",  ࠧ ,    
᫠,   ० 筨 ᭮ .

ᯮ  樠樨.    ⮨  ⮬,  ⪮, ⨣
 ५  (२⢥  稪),  饭    ⥫쭮
樨      ᫮  ⠢    (  ᮡ  ),  ࣠
⥫  楤ࠬ       筮   祭,   ᨬ騬
㬥颫.      ᮢ蠥  -     ࠦ  
ਭᥭ    ⪮      -    ꥤ    㤮頬.
᫥      䠭᪨   饭ﬨ      ᮢᥬ   
䠭᪨,   ॠ ⥫ - ய;   ᠬ ⢨
﫮    ᯥ⠪,    㬥颫.   㬠,   
, ᪮ଫ,  ୥, ନ訩  ⮩ ( ?) 
  ⥫쭮   ண  ࠧ,  㬥颫 
㦨  饩      ய.      祭      (⡨ࠥ
ய    "襫")    楫      ᫮ 
,  ⮬  ⥬ ⯮窮   ய,  ࠧ
 ஢ 樨 ନ楢 ()  ய,
-  ⮣   㭨⮦:   ᤥ 㦥 Homo sapiens.   ஬䮧
  筮    䥭:      ᮢ६ ᪨
᫥ 祫᪮    ᭨,      祫⢮
 ⮬ ᥣ  500-1000 । ᪨ ᮡ.

      ᮢ襭 ᯥ᪨ 䠪,   ⮦  
 ஭᪮ ࢠ: ᥫ ࠭ Homo sapiens  ୮
㬥,      ᥩ ਣ  ⠭ ਨ 襩 ,
 ਪ, ࠫ, .  ᯥ 祫⢠  ਪ
  娯        ᢮  ६⥫쭮  ⮦    
㯮  .      -  ⪠  祫⨩  ஬쮭
८ ⠪ ᪨ ९,  ⠪   稥 ९⢨,
          ८.

  ᢥ  ﭨ     ⮬,        墠⠫
ମ   ० ,  ⠪ ,     ᪠,    
孥 業 ᥫ﫨   ᪨ ᫮  訥, -
    ⨢.    ⠫ "᭮"  宧⢥ ᫥,
  ᮬ  ⠫  ᭮    ᫥  㤭  ⢮    ᥡ
묨.   ࠫ ᥫ  ய,   ᪨
⨫஢      ᢮  ,              
䨧᪨   न樨.      ᥤ⢠  ⥬
ﬨ Homo sapiens,   ᠬ  ஫  㪠 䠪஬, 
㦥 ࠧ  ᥡ ᮪  㣣⨨  ४뢠   
᢮   権.   ய     "㣣"  
᪨ ६頫 ᫥  ⠪ 栬 ᥫ栬. ,
    ⠫        ᢮  ६饭,     
孮 뫠 ..  யன,  ⥬ ᮡ
祥,  ᢮ ᮡ⢥ 몮,  ।⢮  - 
 -  㦨   ᨢ ६.

 ⠪  ,    ࢮ 樠 ࠧ  饬 ᥣ
. ⭮  㣮 ⨯ ꥤ  ᥣ 㦨 ९⢨
  筮-  ⭮襭  㦨.   ᮬ,    訬
堭 ࣥ樨  ய ਭ   騢.
    ,  ࠧ  祫᪨     ᮡ
祩,  ᤥ  㤫  ᮢ-樮  ⭮ᮢ,  뫠
᫥⢨ ࣥ樨,      ⥯, 稢訬 ᮢ襭
 㭪.

           ࢮ  権   뫮   ᫨誮
 ।⢮  ⮣, ⮡ ⠪ ࠧ   騢
 ய䠣.   ᠬ 譮  㦥  ந諮:  ⮬
  ࢮ㡨  㦥  筮  諨    ⠢  த  ᪮  १
ࢮ⭮ ஬  ᠬ ࠭ ⠤ ⠭  祫⢠:
䠣᪮.

誮   뫮    ,    ࠭  Homo  sapiens  﫨  
 (㣣஢)  蠥 (㣣७),     
饬  ﭨ  (樨)  .        뫮    
,    ᮡ ࠫ    ஫,    ,    
   .      ᫨誮 ,  ⮡  ⨭묨.
⠬䮧 㣣⨨  ᮣ    ய᪮  .
  ⭮,   ⢮     ஭.  
⢨ 㣣⨨ ࠢ    ⮣,        ""
ᠬ,   ந室 饭,  ,   饬 ⠪ 
(⭨).    ᫮  ""  頥    ⨭   祭,
祭  ୥⨪:  ""      ⮫쪮  ⨥  祣-  
-,   ࠧ㬥    ⭨:  饣,  饣  
饣 ( 饣 ).

⢥⢥, ⢮    ࠤ樨    ⮩稢 室 
⠭ ࠭ 祫⢠,  Homo pre-sapiens. 1.  쬠  
᪮ ய,  ..  㭥- ⠫ ⨯, ᯮ騩
ਬ⨢, ⠫   "ᮡᥤ", ப   ( 
 ६) न.  2.  ।,  ஬ ⨯,   ᯮᮡ
஢  ⢨  ࢮ  ⨯,      ⮣  ᯮᮡ     -
⨢,   㣣-:   ࢮ   .  3.  
த  ஭ ᠯ樨 (ࠧ㬫),   ࠪ᪨ ᯮᮡ
⨢ ⢨   ⨯,  㣣७.   , 
ࠩ    ⨩ ⨯,  室  ᪮  ⨢稨,
 ⨢  ᮮ⢥ ࢮ砫쭠 "" 㣣⨨. 
⨣  襩 ५  ⮣   ࠭  Homo  pre-sapiens,
祬       㣣⨨ ⢨⥫  ⭮襭 
 ਬ⨢ ⨯ (⠪  ⠢襬  ),      ᠯ
ਠ   Homo   pre-sapiens      ⢨  㣣⨨  
ࠡ뢠騬 ।࠭⥫ ࠦ (⭮, ஢).

  ᫮ ਠ 㣣⨨ ⠭   ⭮襭
㦥     ᠯ묨 ଠ,  ⥬   ⠭ ""
 ⠢,  뢠 ,    .    ᫥ ࠧ
(?)  ⭮襭  Homo sapiens (筥,   Homo pre-sapiens) ਬ ᢮
ࣨ筮   (砩!)   ⢨   ⢥   ⡮,   ९
ନ஢  ᮮ⢥  த᪨  ன  (宫᪨,
䨧᪨  .)   ⠭饣 祫.  ।  㣣
⨯  ࠧ뢠,        ⮩ 㦥 祫᪮ 樨 㣣⨨
⠢  ᪮ ஢ ⠫ ⨯.

 ५  㣣⨨  ⢥砥  襭  ࣥ樨   祫   
ய (ண⠬).   ⮬ ६ । ᠬ Homo sapiens 㦥
࠭  ᮡ 魮⥩    ਭ樯  "஢"
᢮ 魮  㦨 㦤,  ..  ᠬ ""
   ᪨ , ⢨⥫  । ᥤ.

 " "  ⭮ , " ", "祫 ࠧ㬭" 
㤠.  ⠢ 祫⢠ ⠫  ⮬  ᠬ ࢮ㡨
(।쭮   ᪨ ய - ண⠬),   ⠪  
⮬  ࠦ⥫ - 㣣஢-஢.   १  
ᮢ ய (筥,  ய䮧)  ⮩稢, 室
   ⠭   ࠭   祫⢠  ࠧ  쬠    쬠
ᯥ᪮,  祭 㦥⢥ ஥  ⭮襭     
ᥬ⢮ 㤮 ,  饥   .  쭥襬 
     室  ᢮  ᪨  ࠪ⨪.
      ࠧ  䮫      .    
  묨,  祬 -   ਥ樥    !  ⢮,
⠪ ࠧ, ।⠢ ᮡ ⮬   ,  㦥 - ᥬ⢮,
饥   ,       室  ਧ  묨,
祬      ⨢⢥   ਥ樥   ⮩  魮  (।쭮
ᨢ)  㣨 .

魮 । ,   ஦ ६  ।쭮   
㤮魮  㡫஢  ᨢ  ⭮襭  㣨 祫᪨
⢠.    ⨢⢥ ࠢ      -
- ⠭樮 ࠧ稬 - ࠧ  ॠ ஦, 
ਢ      ࠣ᪮  ᨬ,  ࠭ନ஢襣  
祭 ६  뭥 樠쭮.

   (!)  -    ய  ( ண),  ।쭮
  ᢮ 㤮筮 ।⢥,  "᪮ ⨯"
-  襬     न樨  த祩  㡨襬 .  
  ⢠,  䨪஢  ᪮    ᠬ  ࠭
६,  ⭮,  襤   ।   㭠-.

ன    (⠪   )   -      㣣,   ᯥ譮  騥
न⨢  ⢨  "ய",    ᠬ        ᯮᮡ
⨢ ᪮  ᫥.

⨩  (㦥 ) - 㧭.    ᠬ 㣣७,   騥
। 宫᪮   ⢨ ⪨   ,  ࠫ
  ᮯ⨢ ᮢ न樨.  - "祫 ࠧ㬭".

⢥   -    ய,  ।⢥  몠騥  㧭
,    ନ஢訥  ᪮쪮  .      த  
ࠢ  ᠯ樨,  ࠧ㬫,    ᯮᮡ  -  㦥  ᮧ - 
  ⨧饬  宫᪮   ⢨   न樨.
"ய" ᫥  ⢥ ࠧ⨥ 㧭   
ࠧ㬭.

  䨪,     ,    न쭮,  
⨯   .    ⠫  ⥬⨧樨  祫᪨  ⨯  
  .  , . 笥  . ୮    
⥯    ।  ࠪ⨪.       ࠧ
権   "稢"   譨,   孮   ਧ   祫᪮
"  㡨"     뤥  뢠 ⤥  "ॡ".
"न쭠" ,   ⨯ ࠢ  ࠧꥤ "祫᪮
"  ᢮ ⠢ , ᫥ 祣  筮 祧.

[ ਡ.     ⥮ਨ ⢥ ⡮ .  ࢨ " "
ந宦 祫  ⭮  (,  ⥧  ⮬,  "祫
ந襫  " ਭ  ࢨ,    ᫥⥫: ,
  ᫨,   ६ 襤訬   ⮩  ᫨),  ⠪    
楯樨  ..  譥 ᫥ ५ 뢮   த
祫⢠.  譥 ࠡ⠫  ᢮ 䨥  ⢥
,   ᫥  ( 60-) ᮢ  ᥬ ᪨ 㬮
᪮ "᭥ 祫".    ⥫⢮    ᪠  
樨   祭.      ⮫쪮  㢥७    ࠢ쭮  ᮡ⢥
楯樨,   ⠫ ⥫   ⥫⢮    ᭥
祫,  "५⮢  ய",      .     ⢫
  祭,    襫    ।    
宦  "", " "  ⠢ த 祫᪮.  筮 ,
०६ ᬥ 祭  ஬  ⮩    ᥩ  ஢
㪨         ᫥   "襣         ᮢ".]
஢ন   ᪨   ⥫⢮    ⢮    
ࠧ  祫⢠    "樠쭮 ஢".   ⠪
㤥 ࠢ୮   饨 䠪,     类  த
㯭    ⠪    (娩,   ॢ樮,   ᪨...),
ࠧ 㤠⢠, 祭  祫᪨ ᮮ⢠ ᯠ 
"  㯯" -  ࠦ騥  ᮡ ,  "䥮",  ஥ 
ਭ樯  "६-୮   㬠"   -   ⮩   ﭭ   饩
樠쭮 , ⠢襩 㦥 ᪮  ᢮ ᥫ ୮.
   ("堭"),   "ᢨ   ਡ"   (᪮쪮    嫥⥫:
"ப") ,  ,  ᫥ 譠 "ᯮ⥫쭠
㯯".   ᠬ஥,  娩 ᠬ࣠,    ⨨  
樠쭮   樠쭮,   ।쭮   筮  뢠    
न (!) ⠢ 祫⢠.

 - 饥  ᠬ ,   㤨⥫쭮,  ⪠୮ ᫮ 
᭨   뫮,  砥  -  ⥫⢮  ᪮  த
祫⢠  ᢮     ,   ந쭮,
⢥     ० ﭨ  ।⠢ 
᭥,   ࠭祭 樠묨 ࠬ  .  ⢥
,  設⢮  樠 ⢥   ⮩   
ਡ  㪠 "᪮" ஥,       ।,
  ⭮      ࠬ:  㤠⢥,  ⨩   .
⢨⥫쭮,  ⮫ ᨫ쭮 ᪮ ࠧ稥, 襥  室
  魮 -  ,   ⮬ த   ६
ࣥ樨 ஬ ⭮襭,      ⮣ த  
    뫮 ⥯ .

㤥 㬥⭮   樥  ࠢ  祫⢠    ᥬ⢮  Canis
(ᮢ),   ஬ ਬ୮ ⠪  ᮮ⭮  ᮡ , 蠪 
ᮡ  ࠧࠧ த -  ᫥ ᮫⭮ 設⢮.   
襬 ⥪  魮 ૨ ⠪ ࠧ     த
஬ ᥭୠ,    -  ⭮襭  થ.  ..  
᫥  ⫨- 譥   㣠 㤭⥫쭮,  ⥬    
ᠬ   ࠧ稥   ⮨  ⮬,   ⠪ "  
஢"       ॢ  㤮⢨  ᮦ  
.

ᯮ짮  ⠢襣 ⮫ ,  . ࢨ, 
""  맮 ஥ 㬥  ,  १୮  ᯮ
   ⮩   祫⢠     ⮬  ᯮᮡ  ᬮ    ⮬
ᮬ 襭  㫠  ᪮ ⢥ .  ⠪ 
뢠  祫᪨  ࠧ  ⭮    䮫  
,  饣    ᯥ䨪    ⢥  ⫨稩  
ᮮ⢥饣  ࣠   ,   ⮬    ࠧ稩
 ᢮ ᮡ.   ⭮      ࠧ    ᫨⥫쭮
⥫쭮,   ࠢ⢥,  ..   ࠬࠬ,   訬   
 䨪樨 ஬ 樮쭮  ᥡ ⭮襭  । 業
  ᫥  ꥪ⨢  ࠪ⮢  ⨩ ""  "".   裡  ⨬,
⠪ᮭ᪮  ।   "",      ᮢ㯭   ᮡ   
९த⨢  ⮬⢮,   ਬ  祫 祢 㦤 
ன ⥫쭮 樨,    ⥫쭠    ᮢ
஦    묨࠭    ਤ  ⮬  室   
᫮,  "樠쭮-⠢" ଠ,     㤥      .
      ,     㪠뢠  ࠧ    묨  쬨  
㣣ࠬ  ⥬  ண⠬  ⮫  ⢥    稬  
᢮  樠  ᫥⢨,        뢠  뭥 騬
䠪஬   릨 祫⢠.

  ⮬, ,     ਬ ᭮ 祫᪨ ⢠:
ࠢ⢥,   ᮢ,   ࠤ.     ⢠  ਢ    
祫  ⮪,  ⭮      ᮢ⭮.   ⮬   
㬠᪮ 樨  ,  ਭ樯, 뢠 쬨.  ⮪
  ,    쬠 㬭.   ᫨  뢠    ᢮
,      ࠢ쭥  ᥣ  㤥  ।  ।⠢⥫  
祫᪨ ,    . ,   筮, ய
(ண)   -      ᢥ妨  (superanimal'),    ࠦ騥,
"騥"  㣣- -          ⭨,  
ᥢ.

   த   祫⢠ ⮫ ⠡쭮
 ॢ⮩ ᠬ묨 㦠묨 ᫥⢨ﬨ.    뭥 -  ..
"ᨫ    ᥣ",     ࠧ㬭 ⢮ ਢ   
  ࠭ .      㬨ࠥ ᫥,     ,
  ஡    ⥫쭮  ᬮ७ 祫᪨ ஡  
ࠪ 㪠   ᯠᥭ...

                         : 

 騬          ᢮  ਤ뢠騬  ﭨ,
 ᮢ ஬  ᢥ,  ⮬       㪥    ᨫ!..
 ஥,   ; ᤨࠥ        ⥩ .
(奩, 2:1, 3:2)

    ࠤ,   , ,   㡨 祫.
(.   )

ਢ   - ᪨ ய,  ࢮ㡨  
 " " 祫⢠ ( ᪮ ଫ ⮣ ,  ..
         ""   ᢮   ॡ;   ,   筮  ,
ࠧ㬥 ᪨  ᯥ).  訢  ⮫᪨  室  
魮   ⭮襭  ᢮  ,  ய ਭ
    । "  ᢮".  ९  ᪨,  
  ⠫  ஦.    "譮 ᫥"    㦥 
࠭ ⢥  ଥ "吝 ஭",  -ᥬ ॡ
稭  ⫨  "᢮"    "㦨"   뢠   ਡ
 祫,      ⥫쭮  饭    .
 "吝 ஭"    த .

 吝 - ᥣ  ⣮᮪ ⮣ ॢ -, ⠢襣 
箬 樨 ,  ࠧ襣   ,   쭥襬 ࠧ騢襣
 襣 祫⢮  ᥩ .    ᪨ ய
- ਢ 믥ࢮ㡨 -   室  ࠧ  ⠭
"祫 ࠧ㬭" 뫨 㭨⮦,   ⮬  ⠫  ⠢ த
祫᪮, ࠢ  ⠫   ᨢ  ⭮襭  .

ࠪ᪨   ᮮ⢠        ᢮  ⭮襭
᪨,  ࠧ ਢ஢ 㯥  -,  -,  (
..)-ᮡ.    ᥣ    ।   ஢   ਢ
ᨢ.  ⭮ ⠪,    "ࠢࠢ"   
,  ६  ᫮.          
(ண⮢),  ।  ,    "᪮ ந⥫⢮" 諮 
⮩稢 ᬥ⮭᭮ ᨢ,    ਢ    ᮧ  (㦥  -
祫!)  ॠ쭮 ᬥ⥫쭮 ᭮,  室饩  譥 ⠪ ,
  ,  ᠬ ⢠.  " -   ⠪" -   뫠  ᠬ ࢠ
,      ,    ਢ    ࢥ襬 ஡
樨 ⭮,    ⠫ ⮭஬ 뢮  ⠭
㤪.

 ⠪  ࠧ    ந室  譮  ⨥ 祫 (⠪  
᫥   - 㦥 ᮡ⢥ 祫᪮ - ):  "  
㡨 ⠪  ⢮,    !!"   ⮬ ७-஧७ 砫
㪢쭮 :   ᠬᮧ,  " ᮡ,   ।⮬"  [2],  
⭮⭮ ண஢  ᮡ⨩,  ..  ,  祬 
祫᪨ 㤮.

६  ⮬ ᠬ-ᮧ (  -  ஦  㤪)
ந室      ⫥,   ..  "ਭ⨭",  魮
,   १ ண 㡨⢠  ᥡ    ।  ।
㤮 祫     ⢥.  ⮬  
"ਭ⨭ 祫㡨⢠",  ⠢訩 砩訬 ࠣ᪨  㦤
祫⢠,   砩 業, 㯫祭 쬨  ਮ⥭
 㤪.

⠭ 㤪  Homo pre-sapiens ந室 砩 ६⥫쭮,
 ᢮ ࣠樨  뫮    뢠,  祬 "訥"
  뢠     㪢쭮:    ࠢ訥    ⠭
㣣⨢   ⢨,    訥    ।  ᠬ,
⠫쭮 뢠    . (, , 
    㤠      ,  ६  ᥫ 
   ᨫ  ⮬  㣣⨢  ⢨  "騪",
"ᮩ      ",         ᯫ⨫  ⭮⥫쭮  ᫠
᫨⥫쭮  㣣⨨,  ..  ஢ .
 ⠪ ࠭ 栬, "襤訬    ஭",  ᠬ
ॢ  ᥫ:  ਣ  ࠫ,  ﯮ᪨  ,     
ਪ.)    ⮬  堭  ᠬ宦      魥訩 ७
⥫.    ᠬ  ,  ⮬ ࢮ㡨,  -   
         ⠭    -  ⠤  ⮣
६⥫쭮   :   ਢ    ᬥ⮭᭠        
४頫,    ﭭ  ॡ         ७ 
ࠡ⪨   ( , ⢨⥫쭮, " 㤠  "!).

 ⠫ 뭮ᨬ 㤭 ⢮   ᥡ  묨:  ⢮
⠫  ꥬ  ਡ⮬,  砫  -  樨,   ⥬ 
"ᯥ譮"  ४祢          ᮮ.    ⨬  
 ᯥ,  ﭨ 祫⢠.  祬   ᭨ 䠪
ᥫ 쬨   - ਣ   ⠭  ਩  
.   ᪮쪮 祫⨩,   ६ ᫥  ਮ,
ॢ 宬     ᥡ  ,  ࠧ饥  ᠬ  
ᥡ, ࢮ⭮ 祫⢮ ࠭ ࠪ᪨  ᥩ .
묨 ⠫       ⤠ ஢.

  ᮢ६ ᮢ  㤨    ⢮  
⮪  ࠢ ᠬ  " ᥫ" த.  :
ਪ᪨  ()  ᢮ ய᪮ ⨯  ॢ
ᮢ६  ᪨,    ⪮祢    ਪ  ᪮쪮-
⭮  ᥫ  .    ਪ᪨  -   ਪ᪨   ॢ
ᥢ஠ਪ᪨.  ࠫ᪨   ਣ ।⠢ ᮡ ᮡ
ॢ  ⨯  ,  ᥫ      ᠬ   ࠭      ⮣
ࠧ ⠭饣 祫⢠.   ࠧ,  ᠬ 
 ਣ   ⠭    Homo  sapiens  ᥫ      
ࣥ樨      ய.        ᥫ    -த
祫⢠ (..,  ᯮ୮,   ਪ)   ᫥騥    뫨  ண
ࠧ  ६: 襤訥 ᫥   ⨣ ⫠᪮
० ய   ⪠ 祫⨩ ࠭,  祬   ᥫ
  ⠣       ਪ.

孮      뫠  யன  -  ⥬  
⭮ᮢ,  ᮡ  祫᪨  ᮮ,       
짮  ᢮  ᮡ⢥  몮,   ।⢮ ᠬ  
  訡筮 뤥 㦠,  ᥣ ⥭樠쭮 .
⣮᪨   ⮩   ॢ    ᪨  ⭮ᮢ      몮
ᮡ ᫥  稨 ᮢ६ ࣮  (࣮)    
樠  㯯   ᫮,   ⠪ -  ⠩ ᪨ ࣠ 
ᯨ⨢묨 ଠ 饭.

 ,   ᪨   㯫⭥ ᥫ  襭
ᨢ  騭  ஥  ६  ,  ࠧ  
ন ⠪  ஧ ᪠,  ன 㦠  
⠥ "ࠡ騭".   稥   ॢ  , ⭨
몮    ,  ⪨   ⮢      ࠭      ய,
ᬥ騥   ᨨ, ࠨ.

ᯥ 祫⢠  訫  ⮩稢 ⠡쭮,  ﭨ
"஦⥫쭮    ⥫쭮"        ⭮襭        쬨,
"஫"  [3]    ࠦ  㯯.  砫 祫᪠
"":  饨⭮  ஬  䠪⮢  ᫥   㤮
ॡ    ⪮ । ४饣 ᨫ   
㣮.  砫 - ਭ襥 ⥬ ࠧ ࠪ - ⮢ 
ᮢ襭⢮  㤨 㡨⢠  ᬥ ந⢮ "㬭"
ᯮᮡ  ⮪  易.

த  ⭮ । 㦥 祫.    ᢮  ।
祫    ᥡ ᮢ襭 ᯮᮡ  "ࠧ㬭",  ᬮ⥫쭮
ᯮ짮 ⠪ ࠣ᪨  "ᢠ襣      "  㤪.  
-०  襫 ,  ᫥ ⥬ ஡  訡,   ᭮ -
  ண 室    த.    騬  ᨬ⮬
㬨  祫⢠     ஢  쪨  
ப ᮡ⢥ ਨ,   ,  ⭮, ⮨  ⮬,
 ப    祬  稫.

䠣, 믮 ஫ ⮭ 뢮 ⠭ 㤪,
   -  ᨢ,  "" ࠭ନ஢  ⥫
 㬭, ᢨ९  ᯮ頤   㦠  ᥤﬨ.  ⠫
᢮ த "ᮡ 宧⢮":  ⠪,   ⭨   ⮬ 
᪨    ᯮ짮  ⢥    -
⠬  "樢"  "!"    "!"  "᮪ࠧ  
த",    ⮩    來  ਧ  -  ਣ襭   ⥭樠쭮
࠯: "!".

 ⠪    㠫쭮  ଫ  .      
 "审"  ⨯ "  ". ய᪨ ࢮ뢠⥫
  ᥬ ⨬ "㢫⥫묨" ﬨ  த  ਪ,  ਪ,
ࠫ,  ,   , .    , 騥 த
   樢묨, ﯮ  ६ ன ஢   
祭,  १    ਪ楢.    ⪮  ⮬
          ਭ,  -,  ,  騩
"ॢ   த  砩"        㬥  ᮯ.  
ய᪮ ਪ "訥"  -ଠ  ࠧ뢠  ᢥ    
""   㯠;    ⠬譨  "ࠥ᪨  㧥"    㢨
 ,     童  ⠩    <-좮>  
<-⨣஢> ࠧ뢠        [4].

࠭ନ஢     ⭮襭.  設⢮  ⭮ᮢ    
᢮ ⠢ ।⠢⥫  ,   ᨢ ய 
㣣஢ ६⨨  ᥤ ⭨᪨ 㯯.    
ॡ  ᨫ ( "୮ ") 㡫஢    㤮⢮७
ਡ⠬  ⮪  ,  ⠪    ⠢   "᢮".  祬 
⮪ ।  室    ⥯,  ᭮    ᥣ  ᮮ⢠.
筮    㤥    㯮      ਪ᪮   魮   ,
襣  ᢮  ஭  -⢥  ᯮᮡ:    
, ᠦ  ᯨ  ᢮ "୮" [5].

訥     ᯥ譨 -  ᥣ ய (㯥࠭,
ண)  㣣.     ਭ ⥫,
   ࠢ,               ⮩稢   
६.    㢥祭 ᫠  ᫥ ᮮ ᫮  
⢮  ।⠢⥫  饩  ⢮ :  ᯮ,  ஫,
࠯  ..

᭮  㣣஢ 諠    ᯮᮡ⢠    ,  
<ᨮ쭮  ਥ樥> ⠫ ࣮ 㦨 㤮,  ࠤ⢮,
襭⢮,  ᪨ ਧ  ..  -  
饭   樨.

   ,     墠⠫   樠 ⢥
,   室 ⠭  ⨮⢥묨  ⠬.
 - ⥦,  ࠧ,  ,  ॢ樮,  <  > 
.. ᬥ㡨⢥ .

㧭  ⠢  ,       㠫쭮
樨.          ࠧ  ६     ࠧ  
 ࠧ,   ᥣ   -  㭨稦⥫쭮.  ,
 뤫,   ⮫,  , , , த (ᥬ᪨  ⨬᪨
-      ⭮᪮  ନ  <ਯ>),      
ᯮ짮    ஢   ᥫ樮   ନ:   ⮭த,
⮫.

 ᮦ,             ᪮࡭   ஢
ଭ.    ⮣  ⥫⢠  ⥪ । ⮣ ,
 <㧭>,  ..  ᪠饣 ஭  ᥡ 祣 㣮,  
ᠬ   ᯮᮡ ஭,  <㭤஢>    .   
    ,    -        ,    ,    -
।⠢⥫  <ண  த>  -   ﭨ    <㡠>
᢮ 砤  ᫥.      -    ᨬ      ⠭  
㭣,  묨    ⥪騩    ᭠ <த > 
ᨫ  ᥣ - 騥  ᮡ ᬥ,        죨,
 .

ய २⢥          த,    㪮,
孨,   客묨   ᪠      室    ᥣ        ﭨ
⥫㠫쭮  ࠭  㦠饩  <஢ 맭>.   諮
 ⠪    묨,  ப:   -      祭,
䨫:        ᥡ  ⠫    ⥢ .   
設⢥ ᢮ -  ,   ᫠ :  <⨭  
室   ⭮>.   ࠢ⢥ ண ⢫ 
।⢮ ᪮ ⥫쭮 ⠪ , ਧ 訩  
(    -  ⭮      宩 ),    -  ᨫﬨ
⮫, ⥫쭮, -ᥫ饩 魮 ᢮.

   ᠬ  㬠  客    ⥫㠫    祫᪮
⥫쭮    ६㫨     .     
室  ५ ௨, ஭   ᨩ,   
㪠 -   ᪨  樠쭮 મ.   
          ஦  -   쭠      饣
ૠ⠭⢠.      ࣠    㢥᪮  ᥪ⠭⢮    筮
<饩 設> ⠭.  㣣 ,  訥    㪨,
<⫨>   ।      ᪮     訬  ७०  
᫥⢨  ᢮  <筮  ⥫쭮>,      孨᪮   
(  ᪠  ),  ⠪   㬠୮,   ⮦
  ᢮  <設   ⨦>:   ᥬ୮      㢥᪨
ᯥਬ    쬨    櫠  ६  ன  ஢   -
ᥪ祭 -  뭥譨 <筮-樭᪨> ⥫ 業.

 ࠧ,  ᭮,   न쭮   ࠧ稥         ࠧ
祫⢠   ந室         ᮢ    樮  ਧ,
।騬   ࠪ ⥯묨.        
ய-ᢥ妨  (㯥࠭,  ண),    梥
㣣,  ਪ᪨    ᪨  ய,    ⠪   -   㧭
設⢮   ࠭  த.  ᫥ ᮮ⭮襭   
  ᮮ⢠ ࠧ筮,    ।  ⥯  (  -  
⥭樠) ⢥,   (⢠), ஫  ࠧ㬭
樨, த, , 㤠⢠...

ᨢ ⥧  "    -  "   ⮦   㦤      ⥫쭮
४஢.  ।           -  ⭮ 寧 -
 訬 ᪨ 饭 ॠ ᮡ⨩ 室 
  㡨  ᥡ .   㤮,  ⠪ ࠧ,  뢠  祬
,   ஦ 㡨⢠.  ⨭ 祫᪮ ਨ ᠭ
ॠ쭮  㡨⢥ ஢    堥     
 ᫥ 㤮 -  "⥫", ⠪  "ᨮ".

     ⥯  "த⢠"  쥢  祫᪨  室   ਧ
ࠧ筮.  ࠧ  "쭮" ⮣ த⢠  ⥫, 祬 ,
    맢 稥  ⢨ - ,  ⨯
  ⮣ ਪ᪨ 祭묨  " ᨢ".  
  祭 讣  ⠡  宦,      ⨢஢
ᨢ  ஬ᮬ  (!) ⠭⮢  ਮ⨯ XYY -     
 ࠢ  ⥬ 魮묨 ࠧﬨ (  -    -,  
䥭⨯᪨),       묨  묨 祫᪨
,  騬    ᪮ ᮨਬ.  
᪮॥   ᥣ     ⮩稢  ᫥⢥  ,    
㯥ࣥ , ᫠騩   ࠧ.

 ᮦ,  祫⢮  ᫥    稢  譨,
"" ᮢ ਧ,   १ 祣 ᪨ ਬ⨢
ᮢ ⥮਩, ⥫ ⨥ 䨧᪨   ᢮ࠧ
⭮ᮢ   ᫮       ⢫        魮,
न ࠧ稩  쬨.   ᫨ ᮢ 吝    -
᫨      ࠢ,        ᭨  筮 쥬 
⢥  ࠧ,      冷,    祫   
ᠤ⮬  -  㡨楩    ⥩  室  㦥 ஢  (!)
࠭,       樮쭮.      ᪠
稭  ᢮  ᪮    - ⨭,      砬!   ०
६  ᮡ  ।    뫮    業⭮  ⭮襭  ࠧ
,    ᥣ,   ᨫ 﫮 ਢ  㤭 ⨥
 .        祫⨩ ᫥  ७,
⥬      ᥤ  ⭮襭    ।  ।
. ⢠, , 祫᪨ ⢮ਭ襭,  ⮬ ᫥ 
᪨,  -  冷    .  祬,    ᮢᥬ   
㦠ᠫ ᠬ 䠪 ⢮   ,  䨧 ⠫ (  
      ⠥)      㤠⢮    ᮬ  ਧ
⢨ 㦥⢠  ਮ⨧.  㦠 ᪮ ६  ᥩ
᢮   ७   ⮪      㯭⠡       
⥯묨  ⭮襭  䮭 ண 祫⢠.

⢥, ᪮ ६,   ᫮ ண,   ।
ࠪਧ   ४騬   ॡ         
୥訬 祭  " "  쭮 ⠡    
-    饬  設⢥  ᢮  ଭ  /  .  
 㭨⮦   ( ࠧ  -  㯥࠭,  
㣣  ᪨  ᯮᠡ      ᫮ 
    ᥡ        룮)  ⥯  ᭨  ஢
祫⢠,      ந室  ᫨誮 ,     
    筮  ᪮  室    ᢮,  ⨭,   ਭ
ﭨ.      ⥫㠫 ⨦ 祫⢠  
砫쭮 ୮ 頫              
,   뫮 ⬥祭 .. .

५ ⮬    ⮬  "室" 祫⢠ ⠫  
" 㡨".  ,  魮,   㭣  . 
     ⢮ਫ  ,        ਬ 饬,
⥬  , "᤮ਢ"  ਭ樯 ஢  "  ",  ᮧ
 樠쭮 塞  㡨⢠   "", ࠢ 㦥 
⥫쭮  ⥯  "  ",  ..           -   
।⢥ 樠஢ 䫨⮢,   ⠫   ப 窮:
砫 ᯮ  㤥ভ      ᫥  (
).

⬥祭    ࠧ⨨ 祫⢠ .  ᯥ ।  "ᥢ
६,  ⠨⢥  砢襥"    ६    祭   
⮫⨩  (  800   200 .   ..)  ⠥,     ,  
  ᮧ 祫 ᢮   ᠬ  ᥡ.  "  ᥢ
६  ந室  ⨥  ⮣,      ⠫  뢠  ࠧ㬮 
筮"[6].    "⠩  ६  砫   ᥢ   ६"   
᪮쪨 窠   ᯥ ࠧ⥫쭮  ࠧ訬 ஢
 ᥫ᪮ ⠡.

 ࠢ୮    ⠭  ⮣      ᮢ襭   
᪮:        ⥯  㬭 祫⢮,   ⠪  
祬-  ᥣ                ࢠ,
-⠪,  ᮧ  쬨  (   - 栬!) 㦠 ⮣ ,  
஬  ,  筥,  ᠬ ᥡ ᮧ! 㣨 ᫮,
砫   -  ᥨ  ஢  㬠  "ਭ⨭
祫㡨⢠".  ।⢥  "㣨"        ⮬   
⠭   ᮧ ।   ⥫묨,  ᫨ 
 ஫,   ࠭  ᥬ ⮬ 訬  ,  ⠪
 "ࠬ",  ᥩ, 㤤, , ...

[ ਡ.       ⠬  뫮,    ᮣ  ᯥᮬ 
⮬,    "ᥢ ६" ந襫 ᠬ १   ਨ,   
  祫⢮   ᮬ,   ᢮稢  ,    ᥩ
.  ⠥  ⬥   ⮣ "讣 ᫠ ",
 ⤠ ᥡ   ⮬,   ਬ  ⮬ ᠭ ⮤
"  ய"   奬,  -㭪  ᮪,  
⥭騩    ꥪ⨢,  ⠪  ⥯,  ஢
 ਪ  ⮫쪮  蠥 室   ਣ,      
뤥   , न .

 ॡ               
  ⥫쭮 ⥯   ᪮ 樠쭮 ⠢饩
᢮ ⢠  ࢮ  ਨ ⢮   -. 
  ᭮ ᥫ,   ᠦ  ࠡ,  ᤥ  ⠭
"楩   ३".      ஬     ⮬  ""    
⠭,  ᯮ᫠      㪨  ᪮  㯥࠭   .
좨      ய   ᫥ଠ樮  ५  .    
娩-ॢ⨢ ன,  ᯮᮡ⢮襩  ⮬  ,    
ᥫ  "㬠 ஢" 㯭  ࠫ  ਪ.  筮
,     砥,        ࠢ﫨   뫠
᪫⥫쭮    ,   ⥬  ,   ⥫쭮  - 
.  ⮬  騥   ⠫     ⠪  મ
ࠦ   設⢥,      ᬮ    ᪠    ᢮  ।
᪨ ⥦, .. 樮 㯥࠭  㣣஢, 
뫮 ᫨  㣨 ࠭ -   ᮮ⭮襭.

⥫쭠   㯥࠭    㣣஢ ᯠ  㣠 ⠪
ࠢ  ਪ  ᫥㬡 ६,      ᠬ    
᫥        祫筮   ᫥   ⨭ਪ᪨
᪨   ᪨  ०,  㡫  ⨢騬  ,
騬    ਡ  ᫥  ,  ࠢ⭥᪨ "᢮⥫묨
஭⠬",  塞묨 ࠬ-ᬥ騪.  (   宦,  
  ⠪  "⥫"  ᮢ મ.)   ᯠ,
,  ᬮ   ᢮ ६ ⮬ ⮢  㡫楢 - 
- ᫥ ( ᮦ,    ⥮᪮) ⨯ ਥ.
⥫쭮   "७᪮   䨫"   ⥩襩    樨    
⥫  -   ࠧ稢 - 䠪஬   ࠭ 
  ᥬ ஢.      ६,  ⮫ ⥫쭮 ᭨
ᨢ  ⥭樨 ⢠  ⭮⥫  ⠭
᪨ ०   ய. ਬ⥫쭮  ,   ० -
  ࠭      -  뫨    ७  ९ᨢ,    譥
ᨢ.

   ॡ   室   900-
      쭮-⠪  㫥  䨪஢    ᠣ    .
筮 ᯮ -મ (" "),    
  襭⢮,    ய   ᪮ .   ᠫ ,
뫨,  뫨 ⢨⥫  .     ⠪   ஥  "࠭
"     ,  ᫨    㤠 ᯮᮡ ᥡ 
⢥ 誨  । - 㡨⮣   祭  - ࠣ. ⮫
࠭      筮  䥪⨢  ᠬ      "஥"
 ᪠᪨ ࠭     ஫  樨.  ,
,  ,  祬,    ⠢᪮        - 
樨,  -⠪  筮  㫠        㬭      
஢ᨫ  ᢮  ࠫ  -䠪,  祬    ࠭  (  )
ਨ,  ࢮ        ନ襩   "   ࠫ"   -,
襩   ᢮ 魮   䥪⨢:  "ᡠਢ" 
⥬ ⠢  ᥩ ⠫쭮 ய  祭 XIV  XV .

   -  ࠭,   - ந室   ࠭
,               ;      襩  ,    ஭㫨
ய᪨ ࠭,  ᠬ ।⢥ ࠧ ᪠뢠 
   뭥譥   樠쭮.   ,     ࠭樨      ᪮쪮
"",    ⥭ᨢ "⨭ ய" ﭮ 쥣
    ६ 뢠 ᮤண  ᫠ࢭ ⮬ (筥,  
 ,    ᯥ   ࠧ 訥 㦠),  ⥬   
   㦥   筮     ᪮७  室  ࠭    ..
⨨,      ⨦  ਥ        ⢥
ॡ    ᪮쪮  ॢ樮  ᮢ  - ਬ୮ 
  :  1812,  1831,  1848,  1871 .,      "᪮
寧", 訢襩 㦥  । XX  -᪨ ஬.

 ⠫ 졠 䮢     "" ࠧ,  -
 ⥠ࠫ쭮.   ⮬ ,  ⮩ 졮      墠祭  "  "  -
஫⢮    樫,     ࠭ 뭥 ᯫ稢 樫᪮
મ  ,  襩 ⠧  ᥬ  .  (  ࠭樨  ⠪
    "ᨪ᪨  砣",    ᢮  ६  뤥訩  ᥡ
.)   ਣ "樢 "  -    ⪨  
襣    砤饣  द   ⠪ 뤠騬 
묨 "ﬨ",   .  ਡ줨  - "ॢ訩"    襭
  ﭨ - . ᮫.

 "殮  ꥬ"   ய  ଠ,   ⠪
  ᬮ "७ " ᥡ,   諠 "譨",  쭨 ⥬:
१    ⮡᪮  ,  ⨥   祫⭨ ᯫ
"Drang nach Osten".   "⢥ ⮫" ࠧ     諠  ⠪
   ⮫ 騬  ⮫ ᨢ  ,  
.  ᬠ    ⠢  ᮡ  㤠  㪢쭮       
४  楢    樨  ᥭ⨬⠫  "窠 祭" (ᯥ,
ࠢ,  ᮧ 娬᪮ 㦨)      -  ஢  㡨    
묨  㤨ﬨ:  ᠫ᪮    ୡ᪮.   ⬥祭
室  ᨢ   ᮢ   襭  㧭
⠢饩 檮 த, ࠢ   ।쭮 ࠦ ᪮
㧭.   ⮫      ⥢⮭᪨   ⢠:    ⮤筮,
樯஢,  ⭮,    浪 -  ᫥⢨ 
থ  ᯨ⠭    ᪮,  ४᫮  
ࠤ権,  ..      ,      ଭ,  蠭,
.

 ⮬    ᪨ ""  த, "ࠢ  , 
ࠧ    ",    -    ࠧ  ..  몮-ਭ - 宦
"稪  ⠭"  "稪  ⠭  㦥".     ந室
 "⥫쭮  樮"  ⭮襭. (
⥫쭮   ᨬ ਪ楢    ᪨  "୮"
ᮯ⠢  㦡    졥 ,  㧭 "।
ਪ楢" ନ   ਤ쭮   ⮫⮪  堬᪮
䠬୮.) 易 栬   "⨢ ",  ᮮ⭮襭
ᨫ  ⥩  ᠬ ࠤ㦭 業 1:3   1:5,  ᮮ⢥⢥,  -
    ᢮  ⫨稬  蠡譮 ᪮ "".   稭
  ࠧ  ⠪    ந譮    -    ⮦     ᪠
ᮡ,  ⮡ࠦ  ᫮: "    뭠 㣠,   
 ࠫ,      ,    뢠".      ⨢  
⥫쭠    ⮬ "㭠த ࠢ⢥" ⮦⢥ ᮢ᪮ 
᪮ "樠"  ஢ 櫠 宬.

ᥫ ᨨ (  ᪮ 㯥⭮,  饬 -  ᪮
ନ  -  ᮢ,  ᮢ  ᮢ) ।⠢ ᮡ
୥ 㧭 㯯  砩 ᫥묨  ய᪨
"࠯ﬨ".   "⢥",   ..   ᮡ⢥   筮-᫠᪨
ய  㣣஢   ᥣ  뫮  祭    祭  .  
᫥⢨  ⮫쪮 ᪮ ஬,  ᪮쪮   । - 
 襣  㡨  砫 ࢮ 祫  ..  
"᪮ ",    ਪ .. 祢᪮, 砢襣
  䫨    "堬"  (ਬﭠ),      稢襣   室   
୮  ।   ᫠.  ⭠ ᭨ ᨢ
砫   㦥  ࠭  殮᪨ ᮡ,   
⫨ ᫥ "樮 ⠫";  ਧ ,  
ਭ⨥  "饣",  ஫  ⨩᪮  ࠢ᫠  -  
   ⮩  "-᪮ 楯".     "⫨ ᫠ 
"  ᮡ  "᫥᪨":    室      ᥢ-⮪   
ᨬ         ⢥      "㤨"   (㤭,   
ᮯ⨢)  -  ଫ  ᪮  ⭮.  (    楫
⫨砥    ஫,  뤥    饬  䮭 ᢮ ।
魥    直,  ࢠ,      ࠨ.)   ᫥
஢  㧭  ⠢饩  ᥫ ᨨ ਢ ࠧ
         ⮩  ࠭-ࠤ.    
"ਣ",  樮  魨  ⨫      襣
த ७ 㯥࠭  㣣஢ ,  ਡ㤭: "⥩"
᪨,  ᪨,  ଠ᪨, ३᪨, ᪨  . ⢥,
 뫮     騬,  ⠪  - ⥫᪮ ⭮襭    졥
⮫   砩   㤮   "":   ᪮  த.  (來
⢥ত ᪠    騩  䠪:  ..  "⮪"
ᨨ   १ࠫ   ᪨  ,  १!      ᢮  
樮쭮 ⮪⨨,  .. 魮   - ⥯ 饩 
  樮᪨  ,        .)    ⮬,
ᬮ    堭  樠  ᥭ  -  ᫥  ,
७  ॡ    ..  -   ࠧ  ᪮
ᥫ  ௥ ⥫ .   த    
ᮧ ᢮  ந室 ᮡ,  ࠫ쭮  
"᪫" 믫  㡠,       ᫥    ⮪
⮢  (ᠬ 㯭  ᠬ ᫥   - ࠦ᪠ )
    ᥭத    ᣮ  ,   맢   ⨢
ࠢ,    ⠪    筮  ࠢ  㦠  
६몠.

२⢥ (..  ) 㧭 த ᥫ ᨨ
ᮧ ,    樮-୥᪮ 㫨஢  ।,  
"ᠬࠨ  ᯮ ⥬".     ६  ,
   ᨨ 类  ᮡ⢥ 魨 ,   ⠪.  (
  ⢨  魮     ࠪ୮         ..
"५⮢"   த:  ᥢ  த⥩,  ,  設⢠  
ਪ᪨ 楢...)   㣣 .  ⨭     窮
।    .      ৠ  쪠-  -   
  "म"  ᨨ!          "஬"   稪
஢-஢,        ࠢ  㡨襣  ⮯஬   
⪮ ᢮ ᥤ?!   ࠢ    ᠬ  ભ!  
  뫮 ᥣ    墠⠫  ⮣, ⮡   "  㪨"
 ᮧ  "ଠ ᨫ"  ⢥,  ࠪ,  ਬ,  
"⪮" .        "楯"  
㣮     蠩.   ⮬ 設⢮     ࠭
筮  "  ࠢ",    ᭮    㯭    
⭮⥫쭮  ய 㬯஢  .  ᨩ᪨
稭   ᯮ    -  "஦  ".  <᪠  ,
ᮡ⢥,   ᯫ  ࠧ    ᢮  ᨬ쭮
 ।:  砫  ,   ஬   ন -
ᠬ த,   ⮬ ᫥    । - ᪨  த.  뭥譨
 ⠪  ""   ࠤ樨.

ᮡ મ    祢     ᯥ  ᥩ,  
ࢠ ஢  堭 樤 ᨩ᪮ த   ࠡ  ࠭:
த  묨ࠥ,    ⢠ ᨨ 㯫뢠  .   
窠   ࠧ⮢-ࠤ஢,   㪮    (=            )
ୠ樮묨  묨  .            ਣ
䨮 ࠧ,  ⨯ "檨",  "㪮᪨"      㤥
㯯஢,  ࣠,    ⭮, २⢥  碥
.     ⠬  뫮,    ᪨,  , 蠭⠦ -  rte
   ,      饭⢮,   ।쭮      楫ࠢ  
ࠧ.        ⭮,    ""         
࣠  㯭  -  樨  ஬  ⥯ 
ᯮ⥫.  ப ४㥬 .. "᪠ ",  
,  "祬-" ᯫ ।⠢ 栬  ᪨ 䠬ﬨ. 
 ஫,  -,   饭 諨   ᪮-䠬쭮  -
쪮 (稪).

 ⮬   ⥫⢥,      ⮪        䥪⨢
"ᠬࠪ",  ७  ਭ樯쭮 宦    .  
   ,  ,      ,      ᨨ    
஬筮        ⮪,    ⢨⥫쭮   -   ᮡ.
ࠤ樮  ⮪  ࠪਧ      ।  襭  
㣣஢.  ன  ᪠  ᥣ  騪,  ..  㣣:
-,      ।,  ᪨  ,    ⫨稥,  ᪠,  
஢,   "᪠筮"   㧭   ᪮   -ࠪ.   (檨
-७    ⠢          襫  ᪠,
ࠢ  樠 宫,   ⠬ ᢮ ஡⮮ࠧ 㤮
樯஢    砩    䥪           
"ᨮ ⨭".)  ந⥪ 襭  ⮪  (=
筮)  ᮮ,  㤨⥫쭮  ய楢 業
祫᪮   .   (⥫   䠪஬   魥    筮
⠫    "મ"  -  ࠤ 㯮ॡ
મ⨪,    ମ   ࠢ⢥   堭   ࠪ᪨
.)    ⢨⥫쭮:  㣣୮  -  筮  ୮ -
⮪ 㤭 ""  ,   .   ⮬ 
⮪           "⭥"            ࠤᠫ쭮   
।᪠㥬.    ⢮ . , ७襣 ""
⮪    "", ᪮॥ ᥣ  ࠪ  ᪨,
 樮᪨.  ⢥ত ⮬  㦨 .

 ⠫ ࠤ樮  饯ਭ ⢥ত  ⮬,  ᪠,
ᨢ ࠭ "室饣 " 뫠 ᯥ譮  ᢮ ६ ॢ
 ५ ⨨   ன ᪮  ᪮ ⮤
.       ஫ ਪ᪮ "஭"  ﯮ᪮ ,
᫥          ,    ᫨    
"㬨⢮७"  ᫥    ᫥ - ⥢訥  楫 -
,    ⠪    䠭  ᠬࠨ,  ⤠訥   ⥫쭮
।⥭  ࠪ  ।  ᯥ⨢     梥饩,  
"७" ࠭.

 ன ⥯  ⥫    ⮬        ਬ  ,
襩 ⥫쭮 "襣" ﭨ ⠪ ,  쭮-⠪
"᪨"  ਠ⮬  䮫᪮   :   ஢   ࢠ᪨
  -  㡨⢮  (  襩   - 㪮묨 )  
㬨 㭨⮢  ᥩ ࠭    ६  ᬥ饭  ॢ襣  
 ᠬ 㣣 . 㪠୮.

⠫쭮  ⮪ ⠥ ࠤ樮 ࢠ⨢.    ࠧ,
 쬠 ⢥, .  㤥ন   ⪠ 
  譨    ,      㫨    ᥢ (쬠,
ॡ騥 ᮧ  ய⠭᪮  ⠭      뭥譨  ⮢
ᠬ,  ,      謨)    (஫᪨ ⠬) ࠨ.
ࠪ᪨ த ⠩   筮  㤥ন  ᢮  ⠬
(    ᪫祭    "筮"   ⠩᪮   20   ᪮)
᮪訬  ୮ ਭ- ⥬. .

   ⠫,  ᭮ 쬠᪨, ॣ   ୮
ਪ  ᮢ襭  .    ६,     ஢ 
堬    ⭮襭  ⨬  ⢠  ,  ⮫쪮  㢥稫
業      (  ࠧ - 㣣஢),    ⠫
묨 砩 玲 㦥 䫨.   饬  ६
筮  "५﫠"  ,    ॡ 
 祫:    ਮ  ᨫ ᯠᨢ ᨢ
  ⨦    ⥫쭮   ⥯  ᯠ  䠧
"㬨饣 ᬠ",   ᫥⢮ 祭   ய.

   "室  " ᨨ,    "嫠"  (  :  
⢨  ⮫  )    ,    ᢮ 墥
"ᯠਭ-⭥஬",  ᪨ ।⠢⥫ "⢠ 祫⢠"  -
樥,  ⮫쪮 ᠬ ᥡ म  ᢮,   -᪨
⮪  ࠧ㬭,   ,   㦥  ᬮ   
  ᠬ⥫쭮.   500- ᬠ᪠ ꥪ,   ᯫ譮
"⨢",    訬  ४    ᮫      魮,
   筮         ᢮⥫쭮    (⨢
"஢"),       ᪨  ,      ஢,  
⠭  ᮡ⢥  ᪮      ⨢ ᮯ⨢
⠬  (⠫  ଠ). ,  ⥫쭮 ந᪮ 
騫    -  ।  ⥬     - 訫 મ 誮
ࠢ  " "  ᨥ ⨢ .

⠫쭮   ⮪     堥:    ᫥
  ࠭    ࠪ,    ᮡ  ⨭᪨  ନ஢,
ࠧ७ ,    " 砫"  ࠪ.      
⨢⢠, -, - 쥧  .  ᮮ⢥ 玲
-ய᪨   ॡ   ⭥,   ਤ⨫⭥    
⮫⭥ .  ⥬, ࠢ, ⫨稥,    ⥫
"஢᪠騥"  䠪.  -,   -   㭠த   ਧ,   
⥫쭮  ᢮    騩  "ࠡ-쬠᪮ ᯮ".
        ᪨  ࠤ樨,   筮   ᯮ
㤠⢠ ஢,    㭨, ०訥  XVII ⮫⨨ ⮩ 
-  "饭"    ᠭ樮஢           ⢠,
襣  㦠   㤮室 ᪨   筮 ।
 ᫠.     ६    ࠤ樮      㦠  
㭠த  ࠭ᯮ    ਭ﫠 뫮 ᥤ   
㤠⮣ 㣣 .  .    㡫  魮  -  
"࣮  "  ࠡ,  த⢥        ३᪮.  ஬ ᥣ,
 ஬묨  묨  ᠬ  ॢ⨫  ।⠢⥫  
᫮  ࠡ᪨ ᮮ  ஢ ࠧ ᨡ⮢,  
ᯮ ७ ᢮ ६, 祬 ࠭ ᮡ⢥ 㤠.

筮 ,   "ࠡ᪨ " 室 뢠   ࠨ᪨  䠪,
訩  砩  䥪⨢  ⠫஬   ⠬譨 ࠣ᪨
ᮡ⨩.  २    ࠤᠫ쭮, "ࠢ" 樨 -
 ᪨,    㭠த ࠢ,  ࠧ訬.

       ਡ     -  ୮ ਪ - ᪠ 
⥫쭮    ⥫⢮,    ,    砫쭮  
६ ࣮ࠡ,  ਪ᪨ ᬥ, 訥 ⨬ 嫮,
  ᮪ਡ , 쭮 ஢ ᥫ.  뢮 
襩   㧭 ,  ..  ।⠫ 㯠 쭨,
⫨ 譮  䨧᪮ 뭮᫨,  ⮬ -  ⠬
"娩 ⮢" -  ਣ  ਭ㤨⥫ 樮
ࠡ  ࠭ .

㧭 ਪ᪨ ஢ ᫥   ⥫쭮  ᣫ
ᮢ  ⭮襭    ᨫ쭮 樮쭮 ᬥ蠭 ࠭,  ⨯ ࠧ.
஬ ⮣,  "ᬠਢ"    "⭮", 譥 ଥ:  મ
ࠦ ਠ ᪨ ᥬ ⭮襭  .     ६
⮫ ⥫쭮 㬥襭 㧭 ᥫ ( ⮬ ᮢ 
쭨    ࠡ            ࠡ)  ᭮ 
    ०    ਪ    ᨫ        稫     訥
ਣ㤠⢥     ᮮ⢠ ୮ ⨭
 ᢮     쭮  ᤥন  樠  ᮢ.
, , , , , ... 訩 쭨稩 ॣ...

   ⮬    ࠢ쭥  㤥   묨 ⠬  -
⠪  㦥   祫᪨,   ᥬ   "।࠭⥫   "
ᨢ:    ⮬  ⭮ ࠧ   㯭,   ⠪
।⠢  "ࠢ  ⥩"  㡫஢,  樠   
ଠ.      ᫥⢨  ⮣,      뫨 ࠧ ஢
㯭 ⥬   ⥫쭮 ⥯ - 㯭.  ᥫ "",
饥 ࠪ᪨   樮쭮⥩ ,  ⠪ ࠪ 
᪮ 㦨騬  ᮭ  ⮣  "ᬮ᪮  ⢮".]
 ࠧ, ॢ, "ᥢ" ᥢਭ     筮
⨢ﭨ      ⠫    蠣    ࠧ㬭  ᭥
ᬥ㡨⢥    ᪮    饦.         ⥬   ⪮,
"୮-" ࠧ ⢥⢥  ⢮ਬ 쬨     
  ४뢠            ⠫
⢥ ४஬ ࠢ ᨢ      
ᠬ .  ६,     ⢮騬 ᨫ 䠪஬,  
  ᭨騬    祫  ⢥⢥      ﭨ,      
䥪⨢ 騬  ⥭樠 ஭ 㤮  
-            ⭮,    ࠢ    
"祫筮-᪠饣"   堭   ,  饣    ⥬
㤮  ⠫᪨ 宧.   ⮣   졠  諠    ᥬ୮
⨢ﭨ    쭮  ⠡  䫨⮢,   ⭮ 
।  祫᪮ ᥬ⢠ ।쭠  ᨢ  -  
譠  த ⬥⨭ Homo sapiens -  ਪ⮩ ⢥
ᮩ,   ன   ॡ      饣
ࠪ   ਮ५   १  ࠧ    ।᪠㥬    ᥩ
㤮.

ॡ    "룮"  樢樨    ଠ
殢   ॢ⮢,  "  ਤ஢",  ᪨  ࠢ  
襭,  ᢥ᪨ ,    ᪨    ५  
  ..   ..  ࠩ    ਢ祭  ⮬
 "஭"  த ,     ࠢ        
ॢ  ᥬ ⥪騬   묨 ᫥⢨ﬨ.  (筮
ᯮ  ᮡ   㠭,    ,    ᫮
㯮  孮    ,   ஢஢ 묨 쪠
 .) ⨠᪠   ⨢  ᨫ   
      ⪮   筨 "".   
᫨            ﭨ  ᨢ  㭣  
ᠡ஢ ਪ  ,   ᫮    㪢쭮 -
᪨  ࠧ:        ॢ権   ࠧ      
ॡ ਧ -৪ . "⮩   - ᤥ ".
ᨫ   ஦  ᨫ,    ⮬    
஢  騥    ࠧ易  䫨    ,  
    ᨫ ⢥  ᠬ஭,       
䥪⨢  ,  맢    ࠤ   ᯮ
.

 ⪠  ᨫ ४᭮    ࠭  ⨠⢮.  ,
祣 㤠     ⨢  ᥯饭⢠, 
 㤠   ⥬ ஭樨. " ⨢ ⨠
஭  ,      ᥣ  ⮬:    ⮫쪮
   ᪮쪨 䠪" [7].   ન ਬ ⨦ ᮪
楫  -  ᨬ  த  -   ⨢   ,
孮塞 ⬮ .

⢮  뤨 ᢮ "ந᪮" 諮,    
譥 ﭮ 㬭 ࠪ  -, -  㡨⢠. 室
    쥤⠫ 㪨         ਨ
: 稢  .

 ⮬      ॠ    ⥫ ᬮ 業 
ᮡ⨩ ᥬ୮ ਨ (  -  祫)  ⠪    㣫
७  -  "  㬭騬  魮   室".   ⢫
 ॢ 祫᪨ ﭨ  ஭ ८業 ᠬ  ⮣
"ꥪ"  ਨ - ᠬ஢襭 " த" - ॡ 
ᮡ  ୥訩  "ᨫ":  ࠡ  㯯    祭   ᠬ
ࠧ   ᯥ樠쭮⥩    ⥩  .    楤  ᮧ
 筮 ⨢   ᬮ    ⥬⨧樨,  -  ࠢ,
ࠢ   "⫨" ।,  -    㯯
.  ࡠ (⮫   砩  ,      ⥭⭠),  
९ᠢ    ⥬⨪.

諮 祫⢠ 㦤   ᭥,     砥  
 㦨  ࠢ,   ⥬  - 稢.  ⮫ 
㬥⥭      室,    ⢥  - ᮤண!
᫠  ந 㡨 -    ,   ⨢஢ ""
    ઠ쭮 ࠧ:  " ⨢ " (,   ਭ樯,
   ),   ᬥ,  ந,  ᠬ⢮   "饭
ᢥ" ࠧ㬨⥫    楫,   ⮬   
ਨ 祫⢠  99,9 %  묨,  묨  㯭묨,  -   
  ਪ⮩ ஢樥 ଠ⭮,  । "ࠢ",
ᨫ.     㬨:         ࠭-  
㣨  ,    㭣  ⮬  㪮⢮!  ⭮,
 ⠪  룫廊 뭥 ᮢ襭 ᢮६,   ࠪ᪨
 㤥   饥 ६,  訬   
⠪  ।⠢,    ਮ⨧,  ந᪠     ।,   -
ࠤ  "ॣ쭮"  饥.        - ਤ 
⤠  諮 -   ᪮࡭ ४ । ,    
    - ⠪,  ⮡ । ⮬ 㦥   ⠢ 
ࠧ訬 ࠢ⢥ ⨭.

 饥  ६  ᠬ  ⨦    ⭮⥫쭮      ⮬
ࠢ  ᨫ    ᪮஫쭠  .    ᭥
।쭮 ⮪  ஢ 㤭          
஫    ⢨ﬨ        ᢮ ६    .
୥,    뫨 ࠭    㯥࠭  (襤訥    
..  ࣠  㯭),     ᬥ ⫨  
㣣.    ⥫ ⠬ 砥   㧭 , - 
  ।⠢⥫,    㤠筮 뢠   ᮢ 客
ࠢ⥫  (  ᭮      ॡ   譮,   㦤
⮢  ᯮ  ਪ).

ॡ       ६⨫        孮
⢠.  ࠬ,  ᨫ쭨   "த  ",  室栬  
⥩ ।⠢ ୮  ⥫쭮,   筮 ⠪   
     "஦".         ᨬ   祫⭨⢠,
ࠢ⢥       ⢮,     ᥤ⢮
   樠쭮  ࣠,    ⥬  㤭      
न쭮 ⢨.

 ⠫      ⢠    .        
  ᮢ襭 ᨫ ,  ஬   室  
ਤ  .        ⨬  த  㤮  ⠬  
뢠.  ᫨,  筮,  -   쬥;  ,  ᮦ,   直
⫨  室  ᮡ⨩,   砥 ०.  ஡ࠢ  ,
  ஢ ⨪,    ० ᮧ  
ᥣ ⢠,   譥    ਪ ᬥ⨪ ᥢ
 樠 ਭ 襭 裂 ⢨.   ⠪ ᨬ
設⢠   ᥫ    ਭ㤨⥫      ந  
᪮஫ ⥩   ஦ ⠪  宫᪨  ᢮⢠,
  ᨢ,  ,  㢠   祫᪮ ⮨ 
.. "客 ⢠".

⢥, ⠪ ࠧ  㯭      砥    ,  
設  "樮"      諮 ⨥ " " 
 㤠⢥ ,     ᨯ ⥩ ⫠.
 ⢥,       ⠢ ᢮ ⮪ ஡
  砣          ஢.        
ணࠬ-ᨬ, ᢥ姠祩 㯭  (  " ⠢樨
 㯥࠭").  筮 ᯮ    ᫥  砨
墠  㣮-ࠬ, ५묨 ⠬,   㦥 
᥯஭饩 樨,  室饩    "ᨠ᪮-殢"  騢
㤠⢥   䨮묨,  饩  "᢮ " (
⥯,     ਪ⮩ ଥ, 㦥   襣 "ନ㥬"
⭮  ᯥਬ⠫쭮  ⢠)  宦      ࠢ -
, ᪢ ஭ 㯭묨, 묨 室.

       ,   ⮨  .   
ᠬ  "襬  砥"  ⠬    室     
"⥫ 襩 ".  ᮬ :    "ਭ "
ᥣ     ।  ᢮  -  ᪫⥫쭮  ᢮    -
ࠫ ⮥,   "" 砩 ⮪,  㡫.  ᥣ 
    ॢ    ᠬ묨    묨   ᫥⢨ﬨ,      ।   ⮩
"⨢-  ᢮"  ⢨⥫쭮    ⠪  ꥪ⮢,
 뫨        祫⢠ (""
楤    ।⠢    㦥    ᮧ  ஭,   
"ࠬࣨ᪨  楫"  ந訬    ).  ७   
।⠢⥫  ⮣  筮  魮-   ⨭   ஢
㤮饭.    ⮬  ୮,  "  " (  ᠬ )
室 ᬠਢ      祫⢠!

                       :  

 㦥 ஢⢠. (᪠ ᫮)

  ⮣ 祫: ᢮,    ମ! (堬: 344)

᭮ ⫨⥫ ਧ 㧭   蠥,  
ᮢ६ 宦 砭 - ଭ.  㧭  ⭮
 ..  "ନ" (ﬥ),  "ᠬ⥫쭮 諥"  ண
  ⮩  ଭ ⠭,   ⮫쪮  ࠭,  ⮬
 ᨫ쭮,  ⭮,   饩   ६ 
᢮   ७  ⮬   ,    ⢥.  
-  蠥,      㣣⨨,    㭤⮬
㤮筮  ,    ஢ ४ ࠭ 
祫筮  ய ⢮,    筨  ᠬ  
쬠 ᯫ⮥ ⨥ "祫".

⨥ -      ਬ   祫    ᫨誮
⮩稢.      ᥩ   樠쭠   宫   ࠧ   
ਬ     ⮫  樯    ⭮  ᯥ
ᥢ  ࠢ  宫᪨  ᫥.      諮   
㯭    㬠襭    ࠧ﫨   ᮤঠ ,  ..
᢮  饬 ⥫:  ଠ쭮 ,    襭
ਭ      ⢥  .  ,  墠祭  ,  ।⢥
室⢮,    ࠡ⠭   ᭮ ⢥ , 뢠
   ⠪   묨. ⢨⥫쭮, ᪨ ன⢠,
 祬 -,      ,        襩
⥯  -    ਤ.  ஬   祭 㤮  ࠢ 
樥 ࠪ⨪ 娩 ஦,  "ࠫ  㦥"    㦥
६    ।ঠ騥    ࠭  (訫  ⨬     ⮫쪮
ᮢ᪮ 㪮⢮)   ଥ  ࠢ    "祭"    娠᪨
   ,  ᮣ    騬  ०  -  ..
ᨤ⮢,   設⢥ ᢮ ⮦   묨    묨
ਤ.

   ⠪  "ଠ쭮  "?   -  ४஢
  ⢨  .  ⥫쭮,  ଠ쭮    -  
蠥!    ।,   ..譥, ࠢ 
 ,      ⢠.  "    蠥,    
, , 諥 -   ᪨ 稢" [1].

蠥           塞  ᢥ堪⨢
猪,    㯭 ⮭.     ࠪਧ
஭栥        ய᪨    ᨣ,   ..      ।
ࡠ쭮-᫮  ⢨.   ⨬,   ⢮   ।쭮
⥯ -   ஭,   㯭,  ᨢ -  㣮.  
ࠧ,  ଠ 祫    ࣠  㣣⨨,      
⠪,   室     ⭮⥫쭮  㧪        ⨬
ࠩﬨ  -  ᠬ  蠥.    -         ᯥ
蠥,    ⠪⭮      ࠪਧ   "祫   ࠧ㬭
ࠧ㬭..."  ("homo  sapiens  sapiens"  -     ᠬ   襩   筮
⠪ᮭ).

 ⮬  ⢥      ⮬,     祫 塞
䠭⨪,  ४ ⥫,  ४ 訬  
  ..  "ᣨ" ਥ,  祭:  !   
  ,          祫᪮!     
宯,      ,         ⮣    ⮧
४஢  (  ᪫祭    ᪨  砥,  ᫮
묨  䠪ࠬ:  宫,  ࠢ),      -   
ய  㣣஢,   㦥    ⠭.

ଠ쭮  ய  (ண⮢)  ,  饥  
ᬥ⮭᭮   ᨢ,    祫᪮  窨  ७  ⢨⥫쭮
।⠥    ᮬ    ⭮,    ⮫쪮   饣
ᯮᮡ  㤮筮 ⨢. ,  筮,  㦥 ਫ,
 - ᢥ妨⭮ (㯥࠭).   ,  ,    嫥⪮
த  ।:  ,  - 㦥 ।쭮 筮,     ᥡ 
易⥫ 業筮-⨢  ࠫ  :    ⢮  譥
  ⭮,    㤮    㤮!      㣣஢,
ᯮᮡ ࠦ    ("⠨", ᪨஢), ⠪
     ஢         ய-㯥࠭    ("",
뢠),    室    ।,          ⭥,     
ᥢ祫᪮.         ⪠  "  "    
ᮧ⥫쭮,     ⢥,   ॡ    祭  
⮬ ⠪ ᯥ譠.  "஦ ⨧", "⮫᪠ " - 
   ਧ.

  ⮧   ४,      
    譨 ਧ 魮 ⨢,     -  
蠤    ᠭ⮢,  "⥫".  㣨  ᫮,   
ᮢ६ ய ।⢠ - ࠭,  ஫⨪  ..  -
  ᬮ      ⢥  ⢨      
᪨  䨣,  뫨    ᨫ     ,   
ࠣ騥  ᪨ ⠭.        祫᪮  (!)  窨
७   ମ ᠭ   ,  ࠧ 
,   ᭮ =-⫥, 㦨 - ᮮࠧ 
ࠢ  ,   㤮 襮祭 㤮 - ᮤঠ 
⪥,   ﬥ  楯,   쬥  ,    奭᪮ 娠᪮
, ᮮ⢥⢥.

[ ਡ.  㦭  ⬥,    ⪨    -  
-祫  饥  ६  ⢥    ᥪ.  祬
  ।쭮 ४⭮,  ᪮॥ 樮,  ᪨
ᯮᮡ.   ,   "㬠" ⢥ত 
室      ,    ᠬ     ⥭ 
"᮪"  祫.   ⠪ ࠧ,  砥,  ⠪  ,
  "  祫᪮  ଠ"  -⠪ !    㬥⭮
⠡஢      ४  ⮬,    祫᪮  饦⨥
אַ-⠪    㤮묨 䠪⠬  ஢묨 ᫥⢨ﬨ ⪮
⥫쭮   ஢  祫᪮ .

,   楯   ⥫ 㦥  "⨫",    "᪨
ᨧ",       ୮.   ,   ।,  -  ᥣ 
, ࠧ,  묨    .. ९த⨢
樨.      襬    砥          .  ,  
樮 ⨪  祭 宦  ⨥:  䮫᪨  室,
   譥   ࠧ稬,   -,    祭    ६
⠢訥 묨.    ᯥ樠쭮 ஢   
⢥  ࠧ    ⠪ -.    ᭮
,         祫᪨      ⮦   ⠭   ᪮   
஢,  ᯮ: , ., ।⢠ ᮢ६
஭ ⮬䨨   .]  ࠧ, 㧭  
,  ᮡ⢥,  "祫  ࠧ㬭",      筮 ᫥ ᢮
⠪ᮭ ( ᮣ᭮ ,  祫  ⥯    "  ࠧ㬭"  !)  
  ⠪,  ..  ⢨⥫쭮 ࠧ㬭,    﫮  
     .    ᨫ  ᢮  ।쭮  ࠦ  ଭ,
㧭      殮  ᥩ  祫᪮  ਨ  ᥣ  
ॡ뢠   ᯮ殮   - ᢥ妨   ᥢ.
    㬭 ᯮ殮 "祫 ࠧ㬭" 뫮 ⢨⥫쭮 
㪢쭮:  㧭    襫  室   -  "  堬"!  
  㧭  祫  ந    ᢮      ࠬ  
ࠬ    .      ⥫  ᯮ짮  
⢥  "筮  "    ⠫         
⥫.

㧭     ,    -    ஥  ⢮,   ஥
"⨢஢"          蠥.  ஬  ⮣,    
থ ﭨ ⠪ 稭  ,    ""    "
".  "௨  - ",  "    " - ⠪ ਬ୮
ᥪ㠫쭮  ।  㧭  .  ᥬ  ⨬     襭,
-⠪  "ࠧ㬭",  ஦      ᫮,   ⠫
᭮- 稭 ᪮ 뢠,       ,  
᢮   㧭     ய᪮  ⠢  祫᪮
ᥬ⢠ - ᮡ⢥,   -  ᬥ⥫ ᪮ 㯥࠭ 
㣣஢.      ,    ९ᨨ,   ,    -  
᫥⢨ ⪨ ⢥   ᫮, ᮧ  ࠣ᪮
    ᯮ⢥    ,    ⢮७    
(筥, " ᬥ")  "ࠫ ᯮ", ⮦⢥  ࠫ.

ନ "㧭" 墠뢠   ⨥ ଭ -   譥,
᪮ ஭. ᫨ ନ -  ᯮᮡ   
騬 㭠  㣨 "⠬",   㧭 -  㦥 "⢮७
⮩     ":  ᥣ ⮢ (᫥ 讣 ᪠稢)
஢    㦭      ஭.       砩
㥬  ⮣    ࠪ᪨   ᫮ -  襩 
⪮;   ᯮᮡ ஭,  "㭤஢"    樠
饫   ᯮᠡ  ,   ⢮  ᠬ ,
।쭮 ᪮ -  宫᪨    䨧᪨  -  樠
।,  类     ࢠ 㤠.

筮 ,      ࠣ᪨ ஭:  直 "室
"  "ਮ 樨"     ⢠  ,
.  ⮣, ⠢訥   ਢ몠  ᥬ.  ᫮  
ᯮᮡ 㤨 ⮬,     ⮫쪮  ⠪ ࠭ ,  
"襭",     -⠪  ᢮,  砥  㦥
⥯,  㤮 ⠢.   㬥襣 ࠭,   ,  
ᠭ  ࡮,    ᫥騬,   ⮬ ᯮ墠뢠,    "⠪ 
" ⮦.

 筮 ⠪  ᯮᮡ  魮 祭,      㣮. 
  ᬠ뢠      ⨭ 祫⢠:  魮 ਥ஢
㧭  ࠦ  ᮡ  ⨭  魨,    ⮬,  
㦨  ⮫ ⢮  ᥡ " 客" - ४⥫.  
⮬  ࠧ  砥    ⥫⢮,      
। 㧭묨 쬨  ⨢ ,  ६ ᫥
   .

   筮 । 㢥७  ⮬,      ࠭
魮 樠쭮 । 㧭 祫 筮 ⠪     ଠ쭮
祫᪮ ,  ,  ,    襩  ᮯ⨢, 祬,
ਬ,   ,      ன     ᮧ  ⨢  ⮬,    
襢᪮ "㡨 﫨     ࠩ",    ,  ᫥
   祬  70    ஢ન    ᮮ⢥⢨    "ਠ쭮孨᪨
",  ⢨⥫쭮 ஥  ஥㥬 ,  ..  ,
  ⮫쪮  -  !  "ठ  㪠"   㬭  ࠢ⢥ ""
 뢠 ஢ ,   㦭,  .

[ ਡ.   ஥  ࠤ:   㬭  㧭 
㣮 㤭, 祬   ,   "  த".  
⮬ ⥫⢥ ⮨ 쪠  ᭮  "室  ⢥म
㪨"  ⥩    ⭮襭  "ࠧ⮬,  ⥬" த,   ⨢
砥      "ᯮ뢠"  -   ⭮,   "   㪮⢮"
樮 ண⮢  㣣஢. ,  ਭ樯, ॡ 
६,  ⮡        "ॡ",    ஢   
࠭ ॡ   ࣠஢ 㯫  ᯮ浪, 
  ⮣   ,    "६"  (    ⠪᪨  室!)
"稢  ",        .] 㦭 ᥣ ⤠
ᥡ     ⮬,    㧭    -  ᮡ⢥,  த  -  
設⢮  祫⢠,       ⢥ ࠭  ᭮
饣.   ᫨  饥  祫⢠ ⮨,   ⮫쪮 
室  㧭   ய᪨ ஢,    蠣  ⮬
    ⪠    魮  祭.  ,    ᮦ,
㤨⥫ ଭ-⨢ (= 㧭) ᢮⢠ ⮣   
ᯮᮡ     魮  祭,        ࠦ
(⫨    㦤)   .   砥  
 祭  (  !), ⮬ ⠪ 㧭 "祭" 筮
"  ",       ஦ ⨧ 㣣஢,  
ਭ ⮪ 㯥࠭-ண⮢.

 ᠬ    ⫨稥 ⮨  ⮬,   ⮣ ᮬ᪮
᫠  ᮤﭭ,  ஥  ,  ᮡ⢥,  ⥫ 
 , 㧭 - 魮 ਥ஢ -   , 
ࠤ, ਬ, 祭 ਡ⠬  (  ⠪ "㡥稪",
  ᯥ,  碠⢮    ᠬ⢮),  祬  ᠬ  ⮩   ।⠢襩
  㭨//  .   ⮣  ࠪ᪨ ᥣ 室 
᪠ﭨ -  ⮬,  筮, 砥, ᫨  筮   ,
த   ய  ᯥ,  ᮦ, "⢮ ".

 ᫨   뫮 ⮩ ᯮᮡ 㧭 祫 ਮ -  
㬥 -  魨,    㯥࠭  㣣஢  뫮  
஢ .  ⫠  "ᥬ ஬" ⠫쭮 -  ⠪
⥯  뤥﫨  ⮣  饬 魮 䮭  ᢮    
 ("㬮 ⭮").

 稥 ⠪ - ᯮᮡ  ७ ᪠ﭨ (। - ।ᬥ⭮)
- 㧭 ,  ࠢ⢥  ନ஢  殮  ⢮    
檮  "஬⨪" 宩 蠡譮 ,    १ ਮ
  ਥ, ⠢ ⢥  ( , ⭮,
ନ  㧭  設⢮,    ⮬ 祭  ,    
ᬥ譮  ࠤ  ⢥ত   "த   ᥣ   ࠢ")   ࠯஢
  ७  ᪠ﭨ      ᪫祭,  ⥬ ᠬ
⠢ 㯫     "ᮢ",      
    ।⠢  ᮢ,  ࠫ,  ࠢ⢥   த
室 ⥯ 㬨,  ᫥    ࠧ  -  ᪠ﭨ!  
  㢥饢⥫  䥪   ⭮襭     筮
ࠦ  ⭮ ᫮: "   ନ,     ᬮ!"

                           : 

猪   稭    ᢮    ⠢     ᮡ,
७ 㤮⢨. (.)

    ⮬,      堫,      ஭,  ৮,  稢...
(堬: 244)

    ࠧ   㣣   뤥      ஬   ⠯
ய䮧,   㦥   ᫥  ࠧ  㧭  㯯  "ନ楢".
㣣  "筮"  ⯮窮     ⮩   -      祭   
"筮"  - 㯯,     樨 न⨢ ⢨
ய  -  ਢ  ஢.   㣣   ᬮ   ᯥ譮
ࠦ    ᨢ  ᬥ,    ⮬ ᢮ ᮡ⢥
,  㤠筮 ᪨  ᢮ ⨢ -   訥,
  ⨢ ਭ樯 "  - ".  ,  ᪮॥,  , 
뭥  "", "堫⢮".   ᢥ  ᫥  ""
㯨  "⢮".  "魨᪠  客   砥  ᥡ 
:   ⢮" [3].

 殮 ᥩ ਨ 祫⢠ 㣣 뫨  ⢥  
  ,  設⢮  ।⠢⥫  ண   ᢮ 㤮⢨
ࠪ᪨   ᫮.  㣣 ᥣ ࠧ ⢥  ᫮
..   ""    ⮬  .        ⠢  饥
設⢮ 㤮魮  "ᨫ    ᥣ",  ᮧ  ᮡ
嫥⥫᪮    "ᨦ饥"  ࠬ   ,   室 "
ᨫ",  " ".   騥 ᮢ,   ᯮᮡ    砫쭮,
apriori,  㣣    ०    ࠤ      饭 
㯮ॡ ⥬  묨 "ࠤﬨ ". 宫᪮  ⮣
   ⨯ .   [25] ⠢ "ᥭ ࠢ" - ࠩ
৪ ꥪ,  ६騥  䨭஢  ७  㤮⢨.
設⢮  㣣஢ 㤥ন ६  㤮⢨ ,  
 ⠪,    ᠬ     ਬ⨢  ("  ࠬ      
").

᫨ 㣣      ᮪   樠  ,        
ਦ     "" ( 樭᪮  ନ
-  "䨫").  ᫨     뢠   樠 ,  
砥 ⮣  ,    ⮬     ꥪ⨢  ।:
ࠧ⭨,  ,  ᢮,  㤠   ..   室饩,   
᫥ 業 ࠪ⨪ ,  ࠭, 祬,
᢮ ꥪ⨢.

㣣 祭    ⠫⫨  -   ࠤ樮  -  
,    ᮡ -  ⢥ ⢮⢠,  .   ⥭쪮
 "⠬  ".  । ⥫㠫 ᯮᮡ, ,
 ࠢ,  - "窨"   ࢨ,   襭, -७쪨
" ⮤  ୥" ,  ,  ⥭,  ,  ᮣ
    ஫,  ᮫    堡   ॢ,   த   ୠ,
"ਤ"        ("ᯨࠩ")  -  -    ৮.
⢨  ᮢ      ࠥ    ᢮   ࠩ   :   
䨧᪮  ⢠,    ⠭饣    
孨᪨ ਥ   嫮⭮  ⥫쭮.

[ ਡ.  㣣ࠬ ।  ᨫ쭮 ⢮ ,   
 ⠪  ᨫ쭮 ࠦ ,  ..  ࠢ⢥ ࠪ, 
ᥣ  騩      ⭮   娠ࠬ   ଥ   "⮫᪮
㬨",    ⢠    (᪨    ਬ - ⠯
).    ,  类  த  "訫",  堡,   ᪠१
,    ⠪  த,  ᬥ譨⢮,  ।ࠧ ( 
㪮ࠦ    ॢ頭)  -         ਪ   
㡮᪠⢮   -   ⮦    ⨥    㣣஢.  
㯥࠭,  ᮡ  "⮢", ⠪ ᢮⢥ 㬨, 
  㤠    ७,    ᥣ  -    મ ଥ 㣨 
᪮ࡨ⥫ ,  ࠧ.]   ᮪ ஢ ⥫
㣣 ⠭ "" ⨪,  "묨" ⠬,  㯭묨
栬-娭ࠬ,  । - 묨 묨  ⥫ﬨ  (
   ७    ᥩ  ⮩).        易⥫쭮  浪
ࠢ⢥    ⮩      ଥ:  堭᪮    ஢.  
⢨   "稢" ⠫⮢  ᯮᮡ⥩ 㣣 ६
஡  , ந   襫,  ⮬ 㦥   
  ᢮ ⥫묨 "⢨ﬨ",   䨧᪨, ⠪ 
⢥묨,     ᪠, த ४ .  ⮬
  ஫㥬  ⢮      ⠪  类 த
㤮魮 ࡭ 筮⥩,  㦠  稭 ᢮ 㭨쭮
  ᫨ .

    ᠬ   㣣஢ -  ન ᯥ,  ᫠,  
        ⢠,      ⮢.  
       ਮ⭠,        ᫠,  ⠩  
"न "  ᥣ    ࠨ.    ⮬  ⥫⢥
砥      宦    " "  㯥࠭,
   ᪥⨧ 䠭᪮  ⮫.    ᫨  㣣ࠬ
।⠢      ண  ᯥ    ୠ⨢
,    ᢮ ० ६  襣 ᮦ.

 㯭⠡  筮 ᢥ ਬ஬  㦨 ᮢ
-          ᯮ⨢   - 室  
⨢  殢     ன   ०   ᢥ嫮   㦨⥫
ᮢ᪮ ⥡謥   ⥫   襬 .  
 ਬ⥫쭠   ४  ⠯稪: 室 
 ⭥ ஫ 㭨⮢ॡ७  祭  㦥 
""  ࠤ 饭  ࠭  ४窨 
     쭮 㡮஢ "७ -  ",  
室 १  ४஢ ,  ஢,  १⮢ -   室
"  ᫠  㦥",          﫨   
 ⭨.

㣣  㯥࠭  -  ⫨    "ਡ㭭"  ⨯.
      ⮬,       㯥࠭  設⢠ 㣣஢
 । 㭪樮஢  .       㬠  ⮫쪮
⮣,      -  ᠬ    ᮡ    祭 ⮫.   
⢥ত 奢⮢  ⮬,   "諥 -  ७ ", ..
筮 堭᪮ ணਢ ᫮,   祣 , ࠢ 
᢮  ।쭮,  祢  ଥ,  ⠪      ਭ      
⥫   ᯥਬ⮢    ॡ.        ⥫,
"஬",      䨧᪨,   魮  筮,  ।  -  
ᮢ襭 ᫥ ਡ⨪ 梥⮢  ᮢ .  ⮬ 
       ""  ᫮:    ⥫쭮  ᮤঠ⥫쭮
᪠뢠  ᫨,      -       "⮯஦",
 ᨫ  뢠   ࡠ쭮  ଫ  ᢮  ૠ    
易⥫    樮쭮    ,           ⨪樨
䨧୮  "᫥" ⨯ (armslang -  ⮢, ᯮ㥬
宭묨 쬨).

   ᫮  "᭨"     蠥  ⠭ ( ,
"짠"      ᯠम  !)  ન  ᪨   ࠬ
("묨         ਡ㭠"),        ५묨        ய,
⠬-ࠬ,  ᯥ᪨ ࠬૠ⠭   类  த
"-࠯⠬" (诨஢᪨,  㬠, , ...) -   
࠭ 㦥 400    ⮫쪮  樠쭮  ॣ஢    
㭮.

 ⫨稥      㯥࠭,      ࠢ    ।⢥
樥,    ᯮ짮  筮  ࠧ⥫쭮  ਬ,   ਬ,
࣠樥   ⥦    裂⥫쭮  ⮫  (⨯  ࠡ⥫  
᪫), 㣣 ᯮᮡ ⢮   㤨, ᯥ  ன
।  ᮢ    㡥 ( ᯮ짮,   ࠢ,
   㬥樨).      ᫨    樮쭮,    "⥫쭮"
ᯠ⫠ ஢ 堡騭  ᨭ   ஢ ⭠,  
譥 ᤥঠ,  ९  ⨪ ᮤন 樮쭮
㦥   ,         ⥯,   ⥬ ᠬ
頥   ᮪ ஢, ࠧ㬥  祭  ⥪
  ஡, - ⮦  ࠢ .  ⤥ 
樮쭮                뢠         뤥ঠ,
"ᠬ㦤"    ஢.   " " - ࠡ,
, ⫥, , ᮫, , , ਭ᪨...

   ,  㯥࠭  㣣,  筮 ⠪ ,   直
    ⥬  ᪨  楯  த  (  ⥬  ᪮
   ࣠),      祫᪨    ⠢  
室   "饥  設⢮".    ⨢  砥,  뫠  
      ⨦   ᯮᮡ    樠쭮    -    
⠡쭮:    䫨  ⢥  ⠫  ⮣ 
᥮ 騭;      ⮭   .
  ᫨    த  ᮮ⭮襭 ⥫쭮,  ࠢ來  魮 㯭
 ᮮ⢥ ࠧ浪 (100:10:1),      ,    
ᥬ,      ᮡ   ᪮쪮   .   ਥ஢筮,     ..
"樢" ࠭,    ᥩ  뢠    15%  -  "
ᥤ쬮     ⨭ ⮪".   饬  砥,  ᫮  
 ࠧ筮  ࠧ ᮮ,   쬠 ப .

襭 祢,       ࠧ஢   "ࠢ"
㯨          㯭        㣣஢        㯥࠭
(ய-ண⮢).    -  த⮩ ⭨쥩  ᮡ
  ᢥ  ஢       ᪨.   ⢥
ࠧ ⥪ 뢮  ᪮७ 㯭    魮  樠쭮
।.  ⮬        ⪨ "ॢᯨ⠭" 
 "祫". ॥, ,      ⮪
    襩  ।ᬮ⥫쭮   ᮢ襭  ,  ।
㯫.

⢨      , 稭  -  
"㦥" - ࠤ,    ।   ࠧ  
ࠢ⢥ ଠ樨 筮:  ந室 ࠫ.  ⥭樠
  ⮫쪮   ਡ 㬠,  , , ⭨ 
 ,   뫮.  砨 "客 ⨢ﭨ" 筮 ।,   
饬   ᫥   -   ,      "⢥"  ந室  "魠
८ਥ", ࠢ⢥ : "   - - ".

⠭ ᮢ襭 ⭮ ᯮ ⮪ ,     
㬥⭮,         ,      ⢨⥫쭮   ⠢   楫
ॢᯨ⠭ (筥  - ᯠᥭ!) 筮.  ⮬ ᢥ ।⠢
୮  ⮪  ࠪ⨪  ᮢ⭮  ᮤঠ    "ॢᯨ⠭"
樤⮢    ⠫  㯭.      饩,  ᫥  
ਮ᪨  롨  堭    ""    饩    㦤 
ନ஢   㯯 ᮢ⭮  ᮤঠ    ᪮  ⥬:
"⢥䨭", "䨭"  .. -  訬 ⥫⢮ 
 "ࠧ殢 㤠 ",  ᪫祭  "६਩  㡮ન
㯮".    ⮤     ᤥঠ  ८ਥ 㧭
    祭.    ࠭      ࠧ稢
ࠪ⨪   ᮤঠ   ࠢ⥫        ᪨  "ࠢ⥫"
० -  㦥  ਪ⮣ ⢠    ஭  ⥩,
ᮧ  ⠪ ࠧ  ⢥  । 㦥 "襭 ⢠",
" "  ⮬.

[ ਡ.  ⬥,   楤   㯭
㦥  ᮧ,   ⭮.  ॥ ᥣ,   饬,   
 ⠭  ᭮,    ,   㤠  室    ,  -
猪   㤠  ⠪ ,   " ⪨".  
⠪  ࠧ        1960-    뫮   ᮢ襭   祭   
࣠  㯭.   "஢  " 頫  騥 ,
ॢ  嫥  ,  ⠢﫨 ࠡ,  ࠢ   ᮡ
.  ,  䥪⨢.   ஬ ࠭    (
⠪    15  -    !)    ⠫  ࣠  㯭
᪮  ⨯.          ,  ᬮ      ᢮
"", ᥣ 뢠 থ ७  ஭ 
.  -,    ਤ᪨        室 - 
ਭ樯 " ".  ࠢ࠭⥫ ࣠ ४᭮    
  㯭  ,    ""     "㯫 "  
ࠢ ਯમ ⮬ -   ࠬ  .

   ᪠뢠  蠫 㪮,  ᯮ    : 
  ᫥     稫  ⨧.    ਪ
 訪 ࠦ   䥩 ᪫ 廊 ᪮쪮 ⥭
஢   ࠢ ஬   த.  ࠡ⥫,  訥 
, ५  . ஬ " " 㫠 ᢮...

孥  - ᢮   祫⢮?        -
ᥣ    ,       ⠪  室 
 㯭⠡  ,      ।  -    ⨪...]  
᮪饭   ᫥         (  砢襣  "㦭"
ॡ) ᪠ ⠪   ᢮ࠧ  ᥪ㠫  ࠢ,
    ᥣ  뢠      ᮢ⨬묨  ଠ⨢묨 
ᮧ ᥬ  䨣樨 -      ਨ.
㤮魠 ⮫,  ᫨  筮,  祫᪨  ⭮襭, 
:  ⨢⢥  ࠢ   ᨢ   (   
⭮,  易  ᪨ 祭),    ᬥ⮭᭠
,  -                 ஭   ᠬ   㡨
䨧᪨   .      १  ⮣,  饭  
ᥪ㠫   ⠫          ⥫쭮  ⥯  
"ମ".

 ⮬  ,   㣣  ᨫ ᢮  ᯮᮡ⥩ 
訥    ( ᫥    ᢮  ᥬ  ࠢ
ਠ  ),  室 । "",  ,  ⭮,   
⥩  㤮⢮७ ᢮ ᠬ ७     ⥩.
      ଠ⨢ ᥪ㠫 ⭮襭 ᫨誮
㧪,   筮  - -  㯭 -  ॡࠢ  ,  ⠪
⨢訥  㣣  ᪠뢠    "㡮"   ⢥
ࢥᨩ,    ࠤ樮    ࠧ⮬:  -    䨫,
㯯  ᥪ,      饭  ,    易    㭪樥
஦.

     ᥬ,      -  ᪮쪮,  㣣,     ࠩ
業묨,   ⭮      ⮬,     ,    
㧨,   ஥ । ,      ४
த த - "஦ ஦",   ࠧ  ⢥.

㣣 ,   襣 樠쭮 ᯮᮡ,   
  ᥡ ᥪ㠫 ⠢ ᢮ . 㯥࠭ 
  ᢮  "ଥ"  ᥣ ஢ ᥪ㠫,     ⮣ 
뢠.      ,    ᭮  - 饩
 ᥪ㠫쭮,  ⮬,   ᨫ ᢮ ।쭮   ᨫ 
   ᮪訬 ⮬ ⠪  ஢  ᥪ㠫  ⪫
(㦥  ,   ᪮॥ "ࠫ"),   ᠤ,  䨫,  ⠪ 
 易  "砬 த த",   㡨⢮ -  ᯨ⠭.
筮  ,          ᥪ㠫 ᮢ襭 ,
 䨧᪮ ⨯,  ᨬ (?)   㣠 ᠫ .
      ..   ,  ⠢訥  (⠪      訡筮)
ᥪ㠫  ⢥  .    ⠪  ᥪ㠫  த,  
     १  ᪮࡭  ࠧ稢  த  ᬥ蠭  
९⠭  䥬    㫨  ਧ.      ᫥   ⭥
ଠத⨧  ࠭ᢥ⨧.

㣣-䨫     ਡ      ਬ⠬,   ..      
⢨⥫쭮  "쥣".   ᫥⢨ ⮣,   諨 
  樨    -ய,  ⠪ -  쭥襬 - 
.    ᪨஢筠  ॡ   祭  
祭 : ⢮, 筥, ᪮ ९ ।
ਬ⮣     쭥襣  ࠧ  -  "祫稢".  
ந諮  㯫 ⮣   -  ਬ () ஢,
 ⮬ ᫥,   ஬ ࠤ樮      
⨢ ࠪ.

묨 ᫮,   ⮬  뫨 ⢮ (..  뤥  ९)
  ⠪ ⢠,    த訥    .  ,  ᮢ襭
,   饥 ⢮ 뫮  ࠧ 襭,  ᪫祭
᢮ 祪,      ⥫᪮  ᪨஢:    
   ࠧ   "稢"      "ࠡ      窠"
ৠ楢-ᠤ⮢.    "ਮ५"  㣣ࠬ      
"᮪஢":   ਢ,  ।ࠧ,  ਬ᭨砭  (    
   ᠫ  業᪨ ᢮ "᮪㤮⢥" ଠ  
饭)    稥  ⠪  த ॣ,    ஫㥬
.     室 ⮫⮢᪮  ।  -  "  
".

 ᠬ  寧    㣣஢  -    易⥫쭮 ⢨  
⢠ ,  饣 ᭮ 孨᪨,  ਠ  騬
४樨 ⮬ 㤮⢥ ⢮⢠,   ⠪ -  ⮬
 ⢮᪨ ᪮.  ⢮  -  ⭮  ᠬ࠭祭  -
  ॠ  (   ⮬  稥!) ⢮   ஢
襢    室  㣮,    ᮪  ஢
  .         ⮩   ⥯ ᢮
  ⠪ ஢.

, -, ᪨ ஢,  ਭ樯, 騩 易⥫,
   "䠪⨢".  ⥬ - ஢ ᪨,   ᮦ,  騩
᢮  ⢥  "  ᮫".  ,  ,  ५   ஢,
ࠢ  ᢮    ᮬ,  ᭮ ண 室
஢  ᨨ,   設 - ᪮ ਧ   
  .  ᪠뢠  ⮣ ஢  ᮡ 襭,
  - ࢥ ⠭.  宦,   ⮫쪮  ࠧ  
ᨢ ᠭ ५ ஢   .  ॥:  饭
⢮ ⥡  梥⮪ -  .

㣣   -      "騥"  䨫,  ⠪    
㤠筨  (祭    "४騥"    祭  㤮⢨ 
宫 ᢮ "릨"   ⥫⢠),    ७,
客    ᪮ ஢,        ६
᢮ ⢨    ⠫,      䠭  :  죠
ਠ,  騩 ⥨,  ࠢ    ૠ⠭⢠ -  
 ࠡ!   ⮣,  ୠ ᪮筮 类  ࠧࠧ  饭  
᥯       ⠢    -   ᫠
ࠧ - ⢮.      ⮬  -  "      
⮥ ஥".  ,    㣮, ॠ   ⥩᪨
ਭ樯  "楫  -  ,    -  !",     ᮢ騩   
"⥣   㬭  楫"    ࠭.          ,  
 ᪮筮   ᢥ⭮  ⠭        ⮬  
஢,  室饬 ।⢥  ,  ⮫᪨,   
ᥪ饬  ,   ஢  樮쭮    ,  
  ⭨      ᢥઠ饬  ⮩  !  ⮬ 㣣
    "ᯮ    ⨣⮬",      ⮬  砥,   ᫨
      ᢮   ॢ権.  ,  ਬ,  ॢ樨  ⮩  
ᥪ㠫쭮.  ⨢  室  ᭮뢠 ᢮  "ॢ樮"
ॡ    "⠫"    堨筮  ०  ⭮襭
,  ॢ樮   ᥪ㠫쭮  筮 ⠪    
ࠨ,  ..  ⥯   ࠤ ⥭樥  १ 
ᥤ㯭,   ⫨稥   ॢ樮 ४樮 ,
맢, , ᥪ㠫묨 ९.

筮 ⠪    ਯ ,  ॡ , 襭  ஢,
   ,    室  ࢠ ( ⮬        
࠭) 㡨,    ஫ 裡,      ⮫騭 
樮 ⠫,   ⨭  ண ⨭.    ,   
室    "    ".      筮 ଥ ⬥祭
"࠭" 㣣஢ 뢠  ਢ祭    .  ७楬
[23]    "⨪樨",  ..  譨,  筥  뫮  -
"嫥".  থ ⮬   ன  ⥯    㧭
,  ࠢ,  ०  ("    ...")     ७ ଠ:  ⠪,
ਬ,   ଠ⢠  ਬ⨢ ⢮.

  ⠪ ࣨ筮 "嫮⠭" 㣣஢   業஢    
㤮⢨ ,   뢠 -  筮 ⮣ "楫",
⥬         ᢮   ⨢.    樠
㯫  -  १  ᭨   ஢  १ 娩
⢨,      ॢ権  (,    ᮦ,  뢠     ⮫쪮
ᥪ㠫묨    묨),    ᯮᮡ묨    ⮫ 
訬 ᫮ 뢠   㣣.  ,    
ᮦ    ﭭ  䥫,  ࣠뢠 ࠪ   ୮
頤.  ᬥ -   ᢮ ⠫ -  ਡ  
 ९த   ᪮ . (.. ⢨⥫쭮: "ᮡ
ৠ楢 ' '    砩        
樨"   [31].)   㣨      ,     ᮡ  㧭,  
ᯮᠡ  訢騬     ,  ⮬
  ࠣ᪨  ᫥⢨  -  ᭮  㤥:  "諠  - ⢮
!".

[ ਡ.  砫쭠   樠 ॢ権,  筮 ⠪ ,
  ᫥ ࠧ    ⢥   
 浪, ந室  - १ 襭  
௥  ⠪        㣣஢ -  ᨫ  襩
릨.   (  ᮡ  -  ࠦ᪨)    "룮"  
㣣஢,   ⮬ ⠥  業⭠ ᫥  ,
   宫⨩.     ᠬ ६ ᫥ 㯥࠭
   ⠪  ਮ  "஧  "  १  -    ,    -
᮪頥,  ..    ᥣ      ᮡ   ᥬ   쥬,
ᠬ   ६  쥩- ⥫쭮 ,  - - ᢮
८   "  ".   ,  㣣, 
  㪮  ,      ⮬         "" ஫ 
ᬮ  ஭ -  - 㯥࠭ (ᬥ  "१ࢠ" 室
 ),  । ᠬ ⥭稢 (⢥,  魨᪮!)
ᯮ짮  ᢮  㦥  ,    ᥬ  ⥪騬  
ࠧ묨  ᫥⢨ﬨ,    ⮬  ⠪ ,   
  ⮬   롮,     ᮢ६  -      
ᥤ.

 ᫮  ᪠,    堭 "࠭ ୮-ॢ樥 ᢮
⥩" ( 稭騪)  祭   ⮬ , " ᡮ".
 ६       室 ᡨ  ⠨.
 ᫥  墠  㦥 㦭 ந: ࠬ ᥡ 嫥⥫ﬨ
᭮    ⮫   -   ,   䠭筮   ।묨   㧭묨
"⭨"      "易묨"   㣣ࠬ.   饬   
ॢ樮  -  "  ⠨ ⥫" - ॡ ᥣ  ᪮쪮
ᯥ譨,      ⮬      ﭭ          ᮡ    -
"㦨".    ⮬    稭   易⥫쭠   ᠬࠪ:
ᨦ  ᪨  ࠭祭 ⢮   ᢮
" ".   ⢥,   設⢮ 稢   
  " " 뢠   " ।". .. ந室  
,    ନ஢   設  ,  "ࢮ । ࠢ",
樠쭮    㯯  (⮣  ᠬ  "६-୮  㬠")  
讣   ᫠   ⮩  ⥭⮢        -⢥
ࠢ⥫⢥ .

   㧭 ,   ,   ⠪ 寧 ६   
-  ⮫   寧.  ᮫  ᥣ  㦠 ᢮
஭筮. "⢮ਢ訥 " ᪨ ६ ⠨ "᫥":
  ⮬    祭      "ᮢ"  -   !   ⠪
⫥,     -  ய ⠫ ,
  뢠    ᨫ        ⠥,  ⮬  ᠬ   
⠢  ᥡ :  "    㤠      ஢  !
     !"    ⪨  ६  ⠪    
⢥  ஢᪠  ⥭쪮   ᮪୮      "
堬" ( ࠭᪠...,   ᪠...),  ⠥, 
  ஦  "  "  ᥡ    ⮫    "   筮⥩".   
⢨⥫쭮    ⠪ ਮ 뢠  ᫠ 樠 
樮        稭  ⢮,   ᮮࠧ   ᢮
"襢  ६",  㤮  ,        ᮡ
ଭ-ਤમ 㧭 ⮫  ࠢ  ᠬ뢠.  
       ࠢ :    - ࣠樥  ५饬
"",  㯮⥫ ᥭ,   ᫥ - ਭᥭ  "",
᫨ .   ᥬ ⮬ - ﬠ   魨, 饭묨
     ᢮  ⭮ ઠ     ઠ
  ⮫  ୮ ᯠ襬 ⭮ 宬 ஢樠쭮 த.] ...
  㯭  ᬥ  㦤,        㦥  筮   ⮫
ࠧ᭥ 宫,  ⥬   祫⢮ த 室 
ﭨ    ᠬ,  襤襣    ᬥ  ०   ६祬
  ⮩  祫᪨ .

-,      ᮯࠢ⥫쭨    ("୨  ")  -
"",    ᠬ     祬  ,      ன
⥯  ᯥ᪨  ଫ  ᨢ  ६    祫,
   ࠧ쭮 "᢮"   ᥡ        ⤠,
ॣ        "⨢㣮" 堭 ॢ.  襭
⢥ ,   ᮡ ᨫ쭮  த ⢮   
   .     :  "뫪 堦" ᯮᮡ
  㣮,    㯫,    㡨⢠,  ࠤ  
ꥪ⮬ ᢮ "祩 ",    㦥  - ⠬ 类
᪮    ᮯ୨      ᠬ  ।  ᢮   "᮪
⢠".

    ࠭         뢠   ⢮   ,   饥
宫᪮ ன   ᪨ ᮬ 筮.
  -  襩  ஬᪮,  - ⢮  ୥ ⫨砥
 ࠭  㬮⥫⢮  饭  ५  㯥࠭  
㣣஢,  ॢ "". ,   " ⥬" ⢠,
   ᯫ    䥭:  "  (
-)  ஡".      -  㦡, ஢⥫⢮,
  (  த    砩          
"",       ᨭ),  ᮮ⢥騥 ஢ ᨢ,
筮    ᠬ஭      ,         ⠪   
ࠢ.

 -,      冷  ᫥  ࠧ뢭  ,  ᫨ 
⮦⢥,  ⠪ ,     ,  ,  
⠭ ,  騥 宫᪨ ୨:  "    
蠣" (⭮,         ⭮ ⮫쪮    
,    뢠,      ᠬ    騭).
 ᫥  ⥬᪨ 뢮 (ᮮ⢥騩 襭  誮쭮
ய樨 :b = :)  ⮬,   ᫮⮥ "" -  ᠬ,  ஥ "
㫠",  -  ᢮ "孨᪮", ᮬ᪮ ଫ  筮
⠪     ᨢ,          ஢  ࠦ,  
᪨㥬 "". ਬ,   ⥭ .   ⢥
 থ 稭 ᯮࠤ᪨ ਯ:  㯠 몭
ᨫ쭮   㦠騬,  ⥬      ᬮ    ᥡ  
 ᬥ⥫쭮 .

 襩  ⥯  ਬ⥫ ⠪   ⮫   "⮢
஬":       砩  ᨫ쭮      ⢠
""    砩   .    ᭮ ,  
 饯⨫ ꥪ      뢠    
᢮  ᨫ  ⢠    ᮢ襭  ᨫ,  ,  ᫥⥫쭮,
室 ਧ ᨫ  ଠ⨢  ᥪ㠫    
  ,  "騬"  ᢮ ࠩ ଠ ᥪ㠫쭮 ࠦ
ᨢ:   騬   ᠤ      ।쭮   䨫,   ..
ᮢ饩  ⠫쭮 ⮢ "ꥪ ".

 ࠧ,   ⮫쪮   ஢ ᨫ,   猪,  
  뫮 ࠢ ६  筮       ⨭
।⠢.   ⢨        ६      
,       .    -  ⢨  
"",  ⠪  "",   ⮬ ᫥   ⠪ ᨬ ࠧ, 
" ⨢ " - ⠪ ࠦ ᨫ  魮 ઠ  
⥬ ᠬ 㤢饣.

   室  ୨  㤤,    ᠬ    饥  ⥭
設⢮ ᢮ ᨢ ⢥      ⥫      ஭
᪨ ࠢ ⥫⢠, ᮢ饣  譨 ਧ 
宫 ࠧ稥 ਪ᪨ ⮫   ࠤ襬,   ⠪ -  
ﯮ᪮ ᢥ饯⨫쭮, 饩   ஭ 祫.
    冷  ⠢  ࠢ  -        筠  -  窠
㬥࠭  ⮢᪮ ⥣᪮ ⨢, த襣 ᢮
䥪,  襫騩 砬 ࠭ 㯮  ᥡ,    ⮣  
ᯮ   ஭  .

, ,  ᢨ९,  筮  ⠪        㥬  易
- ᢮ "娤஥"  ⭮襭,          ᤥ    ᨫ
"⫨"  -     ᨫ  筮,    㦥 室 
ᠯ樨,   客:  䥭    ॢ    
८  ᪮ ﭨ 祫⢠,  饣  뭥  
  ࠧ  ᫥ 䫨.

ࠢ   ⭮:    ⠢    ⨢஢    
ᨢ,     ।  室    ᫮
祫筮. ,  ᯨ⠭ ⢥  ନ ਬ :
ਬ⨢,    䥪⨢  㯫饥  ।⢮,  ⥫쭮  ᭨饥
㤮     -    ⥯,  筮    ᯥ譮
宦 ᪮ 㦡  ४᫮ .

㦭 ⬥,         ᭨  ஢  祫⢠  襫
६  ⠭    ᭨室⥫쭮  ⭮襭    
"",       ᫮   
.      樠쭠  䨪  ⮣   ਬ⥫쭮
⥫⢠:  ⠪,    ⠭᪮  横  1935    ᫮
"⮬" 㤥  ࠭   - ᫮ "",   1965   
 "⮬" ⢥ ਭ ࠭    - "".

⠭ ⠪   ᮢ襭        䠪,    ।  訥
㯭  -  ᢮ 㣮 "" ⠭  
묨  業묨 㤭 樠 ९ᨢ ࣠. ( ⠪
-    㣮 - 뫠 ᮧ ᠬ  ࢠ  ਬ쭠
    ࠭樨.)    ⠪  室      ᮫⭮  
뢥,    室 ( ९த) ⠫⫨  ᯮᬥ
  ᯮ⨢ 㡠  㣮 ⮩  ᠬ ᯮ⨢ 樠樨.

㣨 ᫮,   ⠪   ᬥ   ⥫쭮          ᢮
ࠪ⨪ 譨    "ਣ୮  ४祭"  
 "१"  䨧, .. ᪠  ࠢࠢ ﭨ,
  砥 -  ᪨ ਥ樨:  ""  "".   
    ᨢ,  室  ᢮ "",
  "" - ⥯ ᨢ - 㦥  ⠪,    
㬥⭮  뫮       ⮬,    祣 - ""  "" - 
.   ᨢ ᫨    "஧":    থ
࠭,   ࢥ   㡠       ;  ⫨  론,  
ࠧ祭   業஢  ୮  ᫮⮩.    "।  
祭"   ⮪ ᯮ ᪨ 쮭 ⭮ 
୮ ⥬⨪: 类 訩 祫, ⥫ ,  㤮 ⨣
,  ।  ⥬      ,  䥪⭮  砥 (䨧᪨  ࠫ쭮)
஢  .

 ᮡ⢥,   筮   㤭 ࣠
ࠢ浪    㯭 ,  ,  㯭 - 
࣠.    ⮬  ন    ⥫쭮  "殢     ஭":
诨-ࠧ稪.    ࠢ,    ᥪ᪠ 㡫 - 㣣;
  㦥 " ( ) ᯮ"      ஢
 ᠬॠ樥.  ᫨   뫮 ⮩ 筮,  ᫥
 ⠫ ࠧ祭,     ⠪  "诨᪨  "  﫨  
直   ४⨫.

                : ,  

⢥  襭 ᥬ ᪠ ९ ୨,   १⮬
     ந⠭   '襭',   '뭮 ⢠'.
(.. 䨫)

  ᠬ ᥡ,     ⥫?  (㤤 ⠬) ய  -
   ⨭, ᪮쪮  , ᫥ ⮣ ᫮,   ⮬,
筮 ,    ᫮  ࠭ 筮  .  
㦥  筮 ᫥ 祫᪨ ,   饥 ६ ᫥
ॢ室騩 㬬୮ ⢮ 㯥࠭  㣣஢.   뢮
   । ࠪ,     ⥭  筮. 
  ⮣    祭  :      ⥫㠫쭠   饭
     㬠     ਥ樨,          ᮢ    ⢥
த࠭⥫ ,   ᫥⢨ ᫥ ⥫
     ᮧ.        ,    㭤⠫쭮    ⥫⢮,
ᢨ⥫饥  ࠢ쭮  襣  "⢥  뢮",  -  
᪨  ,  ந,    ࠧ,  㧭 ,
।  ண   ய.

ய - 祫,  客 樮騩 - ।⢥ 몠 
㧭 ,  ।⠢ ᮡ  쭥襥 ࠧ⨥:  த 
 ࠧ㬭 .  ᭮  ⫨稥 ய  
ᯮᮡ    -    ᪨   ९   ।ᯮ   -   
ᠬ筮 諥 (   -   ),  ஥    
⮫쪮  ᮢ襭  ᠬ⥫쭮  ମ  諥,      ஬  ⮣ -
室 ᫮ ,   ⠪,  室    譥
祭,    ,  ४  魮  ⢨.       客
 筮.   室   ࠭  ,    
᫮,    ।쭮     ᫮ .  
祭 ।  室  ⠪ "⪠" . ,  ᮦ, 
饥  ६  祭    ᮮ⢠          
 ᢮  ய  "ᯥ譮   
室".

 ᯮᮡ    ᠬ筮  諥    ந 
䮫     ,      ⮫쪮 
㧭  ,      ࠧ稥  ய  ᢥ  
ᯮ짮       ஭⠫쭮   ⤥      :
㧭 祫  ⮣ ॡ ⥫ ᨫ,  饬
᫥ 砥 -  ਪ뢠.   ⠪ ࠧ,  㧭   ᢮
  客 :   ⠪   뢠   ( -
⪨) ᫮,     "  ।"   饩
 ⠭.

    ⮬   ⮣   ⥫⢠    ᮧ  ᢮    
ࠢ⢥ :   ⥬ 祭  -  ⥫  (ய,  ,
),         ᯮ짮  ᮢ뢠饩  冷-६쭮
ਡ⨪  -  筮      ᪨  襪   饣,
⢫饣,       ࠧ饣 (  譠⮢  ⮢) ⨯.
(⭮,                          ᫥
ய室  ᪮ த 㬭 ᥢ-ப.)  
㧭 祫 祭 । 㤠 ᠬ⥫쭮  "  ",
  ᫨    -⠪  砥,   ஫   ⮬   ᥡ
⫨ (  - ࠣ᪨)  ᫮訥  ⥫⢠,    ⭮,
    :  ⠪   ३設,  ᠪ.   騥,
 த,   -    ய,    ᮧ ,
 뢠 " த ": ᪨ 䮫쪫.

ࢮ,    ᯮ짮 ⮩ ய᪮ ᫨⥫쭮 ᯥ䨪
-  ᯮᮡ  諥    ண  浪.    ᢮  ⥩襬
砥, 諥 ண 浪,  ।஢ ଠ -  䨫᪮
䫥ᨢ 諥.  ࠭  ⥫쭮      ᠬ
,  "᫨    ",  ᪨  ᫠   ,   
㯨,  ⪨ ᫥ 㬠.  ⭮襭 ꥪ    ꥪ
  ⠪  ⠭   ᫮  ৭,   㦥
- ࠤᠫ  ⠫,   ஦ ᫥ 窨 ७ 
            ।    ᮧ  ⭮  ⨢稢
㬠 - 䨫᪨, 宫᪨, 樮᪨  .. - ⥬
 ⥮਩,   ୮ (⨢稢 ⨯ "-୮") 
⭮襭     ⥭ﬨ  ⨭    ⤥쭮,  
᢮ ᫥ ᮧ  ⫥ 筮 , ,
 ᯨ᭮ મ    ᢮ ᮤঠ,  設⢮  
    宦   ⮫ ⤠   ⨭,
 쭮 뢠        "    誨  "  
ਤ  ઠ᪮ ᫠: ,   ...

௠ ᥡ,  ⠪  䫥ᨢ    室    ᢮  ।
஢, ᢮稢 ( ⥬᪮ ᫥: 㭪 "ᢥ⪠ 㭪権") 
ᮧ  ५  ( ᪮),   ⥬ ᠬ   㫨
⥮६   㣨 ନ:   ᮡ⢥ 祫᪮ , 
⢥  ,  祫    筮   ᠬ ᥡ.  
⮬  室 室  । ⮣ .     ⠪ "室
 ᢥ"  祫 ,   㪨   ५  ᨫ, 
        ᨭ⥧  ᬮ          १      
"ᢥ䨫",      ।⠢   ᥡ,     ।쭮  
"᫥㤨"    ⠪ᬨ᪮,    㡪મ,    ᥫ᪮-ࠢ⢥
⥬⨪.  ᪨  , ७   饭묨,
   뭥   ⮫   ᯥ譮   ᢠ      砩   ᫥묨
᫥⥫ﬨ,  室 ਧ  㡮 ,  㠫 
㥬   ਭ樯 "६ - 㢨",  ,  筮 ,  -
, ᫨ ⠬  ᠬ  - .

筮 㤮筮 ⢠   ࠧ,  ᢥ㤮.  
७     (諥),            㤮筮
⥫,    ⠪  砥     頥    
ᮧ ७  "⥩᪮  ".    砥  ५  ᢥ⪨
ᮧ  -    .    ।   "ᢥ᪨",  "᪨" 䨫䮢
 楫 ,  ⠢ 㦥 宦,  ନ   祭
⮣       "   譥   쥣":   ᮢ,   ࠫ   ,
ࠢ⢥,  ᪨ 롮.  "  ᯮᮡ    ⮫쪮    
ꥪ⭮  ॠ쭮,      業...  㦨,     ,
⠭  "[10].

㣨 ᫮,  ࠧ -  ,    ਢ      "客"
㤪,  諥,         "ࠧ㬭 ᮤন 㤪",  
"᪮ ".   ࠢ⢥  祫     ,
 ᮤঠ  ᫨,  祬  㬠,  ࠢ  ᮧ.
 ⥫쭮 ࠧ  ᫥ ,          殮
஭  뢠  ਠ  ৪ 㯫.   ࠧ 
 ᮧ ।⠢ ᥡ  業  ⨢  -
ࠤ⥫  ஭  ᨫ   㭨⮦ 祫᪮  (  -
),   ।⠢ ᥡ         ॠ஢    
⢥  祫᪨ ࠧ:  ᮤண   -  ᥡ
 ६  .       ,    ⮥  ⨠᪮
ࠤ.  -ࠤ,  ࠤ, ⮦⢥  ࠧ,
㬥襭.  ࠤ -  ⨥, ⠪ ৪  ⮪ ,
⮥    㧭  묨  ⮫⥫ﬨ ( 㣮 ᫮窠
"⮫") ࠫ:  ⥨⠬,  ࠫ⠬,  ⠭⠬.  ࠤ,
⠪  ࠧ,   ࠢ ࠧ㬠  ,   ᥡ,  䥪⨢
७ᥭ  稭        ᥡ    㦤   .   ,
ᮡ⢥,         ஭   ᠬ筮  諥,      
।⠢    "",  ࠢ쭥 ᥣ 㤥
 "宫᪮ ⮩  ࠦ".

    ࠢ ࠧ㬠 - ,   客 業
祫,   뢠 ⮦⢥  室 㦥  .    ⨩
    ⮦      -   祫 । ᬥ:
祫 -  ⢥ ⢮,  ஥ ,  .   
祫   ,    ⢮ - ࠧ த  
᫥ 襭  .    ,      ࠭
        ⮬    筮    -    १ ,
஢.

 ⮫쪮  㬬,  "ਥ⢮" ࠢ ࠧ㬠  ᥡ,   
    (  ⨢ ᠬ業筠   ⭮襭 ᪨ ࠤ 
। 殬 ᬥ)    室,      -    ,
᫮ ⢮   ,  室   ஢.

 ⮬  ࠪ    ।  ⢠ ஢ ࡭,
 騥 ᠬ筮,   騥 ࠤ,   騥   ᢮
客 ᬥ⨥,   ᫥⥫쭮,  ࠧ㬭!  ५ ⮫ -
 㥢୮. , ᮡ⢥, ⮫᪨ ⥨   . 
    -    ⥫쭠  ⪠  祭 "樨  ",
ᬥ⭮ 믫        ᥩ.    直  ९⢨  
    ⮬   ६   ᯮᮡ - ७,  客
ॣࠤ   .

㬭  ⢮  ᯮᮡ  ᮡ⢥   ⢮  ᮧ⥫쭮,
諥 !   쭮 訢  , ⪮  ४⭮
(  ᪠,  筮!),  । 㬠,   ,  쥩
ᨣ쭮 ⥬.

ࢠ ᨣ쭠   ⥬   -     䫥ୠ  ⥫쭮  :
⨭,  ᫮    ᫮  䫥.     ।   -      ,
ᮮࠧ⥫쭮    ,    ⮤  ஡    訡,
ᯮᮡ ਮ  । , .

 ᨣ쭠 ⥬ - 㤮,  , 諥  祫, ᯮᮡ
㦥    ᠬᮧ    ᫥ .   ᨣ쭠 ⥬
,    뢠 ,  ࠭稢饩   ࢮ  ᨣ쭮
⥬,  ମ  㤥ভ  ᮢ,  ᤥন 権.  
⢠ 楫, ⨢, 㥬 ᨫ 権  ⨭⮢, 祫᪨
㤮   롨ࠥ     樮,      ਢ騩  
⠢  楫.  ।  ⥩  ன   ᨣ쭮   ⥬   -
㤮筮,  ᮪⥫㠫쭮 , 筮 諥, ஥
㤠,  ,  樢権,  "७" த,     室
祫  ᬮ  ᮧ ⮬  拉୮ 㦨.

  ᨣ쭠 ⥬ -    ⮫쪮  . 
  ,         -  ᮢ,  ࠤ,  
ᮢ 㦠 , 稭    த    
 뫮 㣨,  "樯" 䠪஢,  ⨯ ५  ஧
 ࠫ ਧ뢮.  (    ࠧ ⮣
"ᨫ":  ,  "᫨  ,      ".        "
ࠢ,  拉쪠  ⮥᪨"!       ᪨ ⠭襪
ᨮ쭮 ५,      㦥  易    ᥡ  ଠ쭮,
ࠧ㬭      "⪨  ".)   ᨣ쭠 ⥬ 
ᤥন饩  ࠭稢饩 㦥  ⭮襭  ன ᨣ쭮 ⥬,
  祫  ⠪ ࠧ ਮ⠥ ࠢ⢥.   ⢠ 
 ᤥন          襩    ⮫쪮  ⥮᪨
ࠪ,    ࠭稢    ᯥ譮  ⨪   ࠧ㬭
⢨   祫⢠  楫.  ⢨⥫쭮, 㤮筮 
    設⢥ ᢮  - ஢ ࠭쭮,   楫
ᠬ     㬭 権 뢠  묨, 
।묨.      ࠤ  .    -  ,  㦭 
 ⥬ ࠡ,  -   ࠤ ਡ뫨  窨 䨭ᮢ ⨫, 
 ஢ म  .  ,  , 孨᪨ ண
-  業, 㦥     ᠬ    -   
㬭?!   ᨣ쭠 ⥬.  । 業 㤮
⢨  ࠢ⢥ 窨 ७:  ⮫쪮 "   ",  
筮 ਭ⨥ ஭ .   ⠪  뢮 室 ᥩ 
।   祭.            孮        ୮:
"⥫㠫   ᮡ,   樨,   ,  ⥬ࠬ  -    
ந.    祬 祫 ⢨⥫쭮 ⫨砥  ⭮,  ⠪
    ࠢ⢥".         뢮:      
⢨⥫쭮   쬨  ࠢ⢥ 窨 ७.  -  
 ᠬ,    । "ࠫ쭮 塞묨",    -
"襭묨  ࠫ쭮  ᮧ"   [15].   ,   ।쭮      -
"ᨣ " । .

砥,    ,   ⢥ ࣠,  ⥬ 
祫⢮    楫   -   ஢   ࠧ㬭!         ⠪
"⢥ ࠧ㬠",  ""  ..    !   
㬪,   㯮,    - " ᯠ !". ,
 ,  -  ⮫쪮 ঠ ଠ   ᨢ!  १砩
㡫     ⥬,      㣣  ᯮᮡ  ஢
      쥩   ᨣ쭮   ⥬  -  "  ࠦ
ᮢ⫨".   ᫨  㣠,  㬥騩  ஢    ᨣ
⥬ - 祫 , -      ᫥  楫,
  ᯮ짮  묨    묨   㣣ࠬ   ࠢ⢥
᪨஢  㦥      ⠪ .  㣣 ( ᫠ ⨪,
,  ५  ૠ⠭)  ᯮ  ⠪  "묮   ",
ਪ⨥  㭣  ,  ࠢ,     ஢  
⨦ ᢮ ᠬ  楫,   ᥣ  ᮯ஢  寧
᫥⢨ﬨ   .

 ࠢ  ⠪ ப ࠭,  ࠧ稢 栭
  .   ⮬  뢠,   ,  ,   
ᮢ襭 ⢥    ᫥⢨ ࠧ㬭 , 
"祫 ࠧ㬭" 室,  " ।"      ᢮  ந宦,
᫨      ⮬    蠥  (=  ).     ⨢ ⮬ -
ᬥ,  訥,  ⠪     塞    ᮡ  ਧ
祫筮,   ᮢ襭 祬 ந  ⮬     
뫮 "ந᪨" .

祭 "ᨫ "  ।⠢ ᥡ  ७  ࠢ  몠,
  쬨,     - "ᯨ⠭ " ⠪ த  ᥡ
  ॡ        筮    ⥫
"७  ᨫ".  ,    ⮣ 室  ࠭  ᥡ
ࠪ᪨  祫᪮,  㦭   ᥡ "饥" 寧 ६
ࠧ㬠 -  祫᪮ ࠢ⢥.    ⮣ ࠧ  ᠬ
ᮡ    "客 ᨫ"  "ந᪨  ⢠"    ⮣,
⮡  ᬥ  ⤠   ⠡ ਪ    ᬥ,
뫠      ।  ⠭      ᢥ襭  ⢠
㣨 -    㤭 - "ன". (, , ⨭
ந      -    ᥣ      㧭   ,   ᮧ⥫쭮
८騥 ᮡ⢥ , - 襢塞 ⢠ ਮ⨧,
饭    ६騥 ⮬   .)  
祫᪨      - ࠧ -      ⠪
"ᨫ" ( ᫠ !). ⥫⢠ ⮬     .
  -      ,  騥    ᮡ  ஫,  ᫥ 祣
⢨⥫쭮 ⠭   㦥⢥묨,     ᬥ묨,    
ᨢ묨,  ⠪   ⮬ ந室 ଠ,   ⮬ ᫥ - 
ᥪ㠫쭮.   ࠧ ⮬  ࠢ묨 ମ "魥" 筮
-  ࠢ?!  筮  ,    譥  ᭥!    
,        ᥡ    ,  筥  -  "墠",
⫨      "ࠢ"  :    ﭭ      ᥡ  
"ࠢ"      ᬥ⥫쭮  (  ᭮,    㣨
!)  "⥫쭮 ⨢".  ⮬    મ⨪
।   ⮬  ᪨ ।⢠,  ⠫騥 祫  
,   ᪨   ஢.    ᮡ  ⥫쭮  룫廊
ਢ몠  ⨬ ,  ⢨⥫쭮,  ࠢ       ,
.

 ࠧ,  "뤠    ᥡ      ࠡ"  -    ⮤
뢠  ᥡ 㧠  祫筮,    祫  ࠧ㬭  -    ࠡ
(ࠡ⭨,  㣠,  㦠騩,  -   砥,   祫, 
   - ᢮ 㦥).    㦭  ६  ⫨  
㣣୮ ࠧ ࠡ - 襣  쪠,  ⥬  
 ⥩᪨ 稭  ஡襣    "ᯮ",      ஬  -
"宫".          뤠  ᪮쪮  㣮,    ⮫쪮  -
ᮢ襭 । ⠭樨,    ࠪਧ饩.

 祬 ᯥ⨢ 祫⢠  த 魮  -  㫥!
  ࠧ㬭  (㧭)    ,   뤠   ᥡ
᢮  থ  -   ࠡ   ,   筥,      宫
㥬.  㧭  祫  ᬮ  ﬨ ⮫쪮  ᢮,
⨭ 㬠 ᫮,       ⪠  
ﭭ  -      ࢥ  -  ᡨ  ,    ⠪ 
室   ,      ⢥७쪠.

    ⮦    ⢮    ᮧ    "७
⨩",   ।⠢  ᮡ ⠪  ,     宧鶴,  
 ஫ ᢮  ᮧ 䥪 ᠬࠢ  ᠬ㦤,   
設⢥  砥      (    宫᪮
) -      室  ᨢ.    ⮬    
ᨢ,      -         ࠧ浪,  ⠥
ࠧ  室  ᨢ (),      
  稭 .. "⨢஢" 㯫 ⨢ 筮 - 
  ᭮ ᮢ  ३᪨ 㯥-.

,    ,      뤥      饩   ᪮    ⨭
⥫⢮,   -   ,      ஧         ୥   ⫨  
-樮 ᮢ   -    稭,  ⠪    
⥪, ⠫    ᠬ .३, ⠪   ᫥⥫,
  祭 뫮 ਬ  ᮢᥬ " ".   ᥪ㠫쭠
ନ஢             稭  - 
ᮢ襭 ᮡ   -  饬  設  騭;      ,
ᮡ⢥, "ࠪ⨪ 宫"    ⮣  .

襥 ६ -  뭮ᨬ   樠쭮 㬠 ਥ樨
⠪ ਤ    ,      ᬮ  ந    ᨫ  
室    ᢮ "襢 ஢" ⥯,    ⭠
ப  ࠯᪮ "ਨ" ( ᮡ
  ⭮      -  "⢮"),     䠭᪨ ࠧ
宫᪨ ⥮਩  "楫⥫" ⮤,       ᯥ
᢮  魮     祭.  㣨 ᫮,  ⠪ "
襤訥 ᥡ"    "॥ ᣮ"  ﭭ    ⮫
.

  ।,   ⭮  㯥࠭,  ⠪    
⥫쭠  ᫥  ,   㣨  (  ⮬  ᫥  
 㣣ࠬ), ࠧ ࠡ   ᮬ᪨ ,
  ६  䨧  ࠪ᪨ . " " 
 ਪ ᥡ ᤥঠ,  ᥡ  㪨,     ᨫ ਪ
᢮ ஢ 㤠,    ਢ  ⮣      "ᨮ
":  ⠬,  ⠬,  ᪫஧.       
    魮 .

 ਭ樯,   ⥮᪨ ९⢨   設⢠
㧭    ய᪨ ஢.    ⮣ ॡ 
 樠 ᫮  ਬ (  ᮧ,   
ਬ)  ᯥ樠쭮  堣,  饩,     ।,  
祭 魮 祭,   饥 ६ ᮫⭮ ॠ쭮.

 ᮪ ஢ 諥, ᮧ   ⨦ - 砫쭮
室    ﭭ   ᯮ짮   ⢠   楯権   
⮫᪮ ᢮⢠, ᫮  ࠪ஬ 뭥譥 樠쭮
।. ⨦ ⠪  ᠬ筮 ,   ⠫ 
 ( ⨢,     ᫥⢨) ஢  
,   ७. ⠫ ० 筮 㡥⥫쭮 ⮬
ᢨ⥫⢮:   ⠪ ᫮  客          
祫᪮   ஢,        ⠪  ⥯  ᫨,    
ࠪ᪨ ⫨稬  訧७᪮  诨᪮.

⢥     ⥭ "⮩" 魮 ।  -  
 ࠭  ,  室  "  뭨".     ,  
讬 祫᪮ ,  ࡥ,  業祭: 筮 ࠧ
ᥡ  ,    襤襣    ठ᪮ 뭨,  訢襣 ᤥ
襫쭨,  㤤, म襣 ᥡ ⥫쭮   㢥.

   ⨦  樠   ᫮,         ᢮
ᠬࠦ      ६  客  ࠧ  設⢠  童
⢠  ᮧ  ᫮         ᮪   ஢
⢥   ᮧ.      㤥   ⢮      ᪮
(᪮,  ⭮) 樠,   ࠢ   뢠  
⠫,   ஬ "⠫ -   ⢥-
",   ⠪ ࠧ   ⠭      뢠  吝,
㯭 죨.   ⮬ ,  ᮡ⢥,  ப뢠 ᥡ ண
..  ࣥ:  ⥯  ᫨ﭨ  ,   ᯮ짮   
⨢  ஭  樠    ⠫.        ⢮
४  䨮묨 ࠬ .  㣮 ஭, 樠
  ਫ    ᨫ   ⮣,  ⮡ ᤥ ⨥ 娧
ᨭ ⨧,  ਧ,          㤠.    
,     -   -饬 쥧 ࠣ 
।ঠ  .      ,        ⠪
    樠᪮             १   ,
"ᯥᮢ᪨" ⠯:  ᥬ୮ "ࠢ ன⢮, 饥 筮
ᨫ,  ⮡ ࠭ , ,  । 殬 ᢮ ᥢ 
 ᨫ  ஢ 㯫,   直 蠭ᮢ  ᯥ"[6].


                  ;   

Cherchez la femme. (࠭᪠ ઠ)

  稭,   ⮫쪮 ਬ -  騥 ⮢ ⪫
 '' ᠬ.  ( ) 騭,      ண  筮,  ᠬ
祫᪠,  ।⠢  ᮡ  ன  ᭮ ᪨ 
祫⢠,   ᯥ祭 -  "  ".

㤮 ᮡ,   ᮯ஢訥      ய    ᮢ襭
㭨     ,   ᠬ ⤠,    ⠫쭮
 .    ஭,  ந室 ୮  ࠧ⨥,  ⠭
祫  ࠧ㬭,  ..  㧭,  㣣७ .   㣮,  諮
७   祫  ⮬  䠣.
  ᪮﫮 ய,    ਤ  ⪨,  ᬥ㡨⢥
.   १ ⮣,  祫⢮  ᮡ    ࠤᠫ
   (蠭     㦤  ⮢)    ᨬ᪨  (ᮢ⭮
஦) .

⢥⢥, ࠤᠫ쭠    騭.     祫⢮,      
᪨  宭਩ 楪⪨,     த⥫쭨
-  ,  -   쭥襬,    ७ 魮    
  Homo  presapiens,  ந諮    㥬    饯
騭:  ஦         稭,  ᮮ⢥⢥.  ᫨
室   ⮣,   ண,    ,  襥 䮫᪮
室⢮    訬,  ,  ,        宦  "樠쭮
⥬"        㯯,        ⭮,         ᪨
ய䠣      ᢮  ﭭ  騭,    
"㦤  室"  㣣७묨  ⭥蠬.    ࠧ,  
,      ࠧ  騭     ,   ந
ࠪ,  ᭮   ⨯ 魮-魮   ᥡ 稭,  
  䨧 -   ᭮ ࠪ⨪ த 祫᪮.

 騭  ਨ 祫᪨ ᮮ     ⠭  樢樨
⭮  ᫮    ⨢稢.       ᫮ ᫠ 
饬 ६,   ᮡ  ᠥ  ࠭,  ⨫
  "ᥡ   "  ᨯ樨 騭 - ⮣ "᫠  ४᭮
".     ⠬     ࠧ  ࠪ    
ࠬࠬ - २⢥ ⨢...

 ᪮쪮  ⪮  祫⨩  (- ਥ஢筮 -  ࢠ 
40.000  25.000  ⮬ ),  ய⨢ -  㪢쭮 ᫥ -  ᪢
ᥡ    祫᪨  ,  騭 ᭠ ᯮᮡ  㤮筮
     ⮬   ᪨   ய   -   樠஢
䠣      ᫥  (ய)  .  騭
筮 ।  ᫥⢥ 䮫᪨ ,  ந襤訥
  ஭⠫쭮 ⤥     㣣७ - 㧭 -
.  (  ᫥    ।饣  ,  뤥  ய
⤥     筮 ᫮,     筮,  -  
" ।  ࠢ".)  ,  ᥣ    筠,  ।  
"-権" 뫠 ᫮ ⥬ ⥫⢮,  ᠬ 騭 
  䮫᪨ ⢠   ਮ  ⠭  
।஢  ଥ:  -    ⮣  ஥ ᢮ ᮡ⢥
.     設⢠ 騭 ࠭, ⠢ 
  .    筮,  " 筮"  ⠫ 
祫⢠  ப:    १  ⮣         
"襭묨  ࠫ쭮  ᮧ",    㬥 ८ ᪨ 
ࠧ㬭, 쥩 ᨣ쭮 ⥬.

 ⮩,  ,  ᫨ 訬 ४  ⠪  㤥  㣮,  
   騭 ।  ࠧ  稬 樮
䠪஢      ᪮  筮,      ।   -   䠪
ᥪ㠫쭮.  祬,    ᥬ    ᭮  ਥ樨  -  
䮬  ᥪ㠫쭮  ਣ -  ਮ  ⮣  䠪  
᭨,   㫨.

। 砩  ⢮  ᨬ (।  ⠪  
  ⨢)      "ᥪ-"       
ᥪ,    ⭮,    .  ᫥  ⮣,    ᠬ "᪮"
뢠 ᢮ ⭥ ,   ⠭  אַ-⠪  "ᥪ㠫
类",  ᪠  ⨩ ᢮ ""   ᥪ㭤 - 㦥  ᠬ
᢮ ᬥ,  ..      ⥫쭮.       
ࠧ  ᮮ⭮  祫᪮ ᯮᮡ "   ".
⠢    ஭  筮,  㦭  ⬥,       
祫᪨  ,      㪢쭮 ⠪  "뢠 ".
 -  ,    묨 "᪨ 砬",   ⠪  㣠
  ""      ⮦  ᬥ⥫쭮  - 㧨᪠ 
,  ᪠  ᥡ ᠬ ᨢ,   筮 ⮡࠭  襩,  
⥬  -  ,  "  ᢥ  "  -  ﬨ  ᪮ 稢쭨,
ᮡ⢥筮   ਢ         ४.         "
।஢"    騩  ᥬ  ,    ⮬ ᫥  
稭,  "᪨ ⮫"  ࠢ⢥,  祬 ஡ 㤥 ᪠
᪮쪮 .

 䨧      祫,  ࠣ騩      ,  
।।  ᭮  㭪  騭  -  ஦,  ।   
ᥪ㠫       ,   ᮡ મ  ⮢ 
    ⭮⥫쭮      ᫮  (  
  ன).   -  易 䠪: ࠢ⥫쭠
  ( ⢮)  ᥪ㠫쭠  ନ஢    
   ⮩      䨪  騭  (।    
ਭ).

⢨⥫쭮,  ਭ   騭    ࠧ  ,
   稭.  ६ 宫 ஢ ⫨  騭
  ⨯.    ॢ᪮ ᪮  ࠪ  "⪠  ᨪ"
(  ।    ᥪ㠫  ᠬ⥫   ࠢ ᮡ 
,     ࠧ     
᪫⥫쭮   ᥪᮬ)   ࠧ稥    騭  ᫥  
।쭮  ࠧ:     ⥫.  騭    
:     ᫮,  ,    .   ᮦ,  뢠
ᮢ६ ࠭ 㯮ॡ ( - ୮)  宦
ᬥ᪨   ।,   ࠪ᪮   ᯮ짮    
⠭  ᪮쪮 㤭⥫  嫮.

। 騭,    ⫨稥    稭,    ᮡ   ⭮⥫쭮   
᫥,  ।    ᡠ,  "४"  
஭.   ᮡ ࠭ ( ன ⥯   
⮬  "४")  魠  ਥ஢  騭.  筮 ,   㦥
ਫ,  ᪠ 魮  ᮬ । ࠪ,  
᢮   ந宦      ᫥⢥  ਮ⥭  (-
 ஦ 䨫     ᢮  ந宦),  ᥣ
  "諥  ந"  䠣᪨ ᮢ.   ⥬ 
,    ᢮  譥  ଫ  ᪠  魮  ࠭ନ஢
ࠪ᪨    ᠬ ,    稭: ୮, ⮪,
筮,  ⢮.  ஬  ⮣,  ⤥  ⢥    魮
    騭.

 "騬  ⥫⢮"  ,   ⥫쭠 
魮 ࣨ 騭 㡫஢  ᫮ ਭ᪮ ⨭, ᨫ
㭪  ᡥ०  ⥩,   ⭮,  த   騭 ਭ
  ᬥ⭮ ...   ⮩,  ࠢ,  ࠧ楩,     騭
   ᢮ ⥩,  । - ᬥ⥫쭮. 筮 ᯮ
 " ਪ᪮ 㡨⢮",   ᪠  -
吝    ⮯   客 ⮬ ᢮
⭨ ⥩, ⠪  -।ᬮ⥫쭮 客.

砩 ⢥    ⫨稥 -    ⭮襭  ⮪.
騭      ⥫쭮  㯠  ⮬ ⢥  稭,
  ॢ室    稭,     - 騭-㣣 -
ॢ室 (!)  稭  ⮪.  ஬ ⮣, 騭  
  ⮩   ଥ  ⥯  ⠪   ,  
,      騭      ᢮⢮  ᮬ  ⨢.
⢮,  ࠭ ⠨⢥, "ਣ뢠" - ᠬ 
 .

  騬   ᪨  ᢮⢮,   ,  
 蠥.   ⮬ ᢮  ⢥    ⮦  ⢥  ॢ室
稭,   ।     蠥    㧭  ,      ய
蠥     ,  ᪮ ४㥬.
,  蠥  騭    ,    ⮬  ⬥祭 ࠭
ॡࠫ쭮-ᥪ㠫쭮 "楯 ।",   襭 ண    
⠪ ࣠ ,  : "騭  蠬".   
 ᮡ 騭 ⮨  ⮬,   ࠧ稥  㧭栬 
ய窠        ࠧ⥫ ࠪ,   ⫨稥  
몠  稭.  ⥫⢮, ᮡ⢥,   ᭮
      뤥  ய᪮   ᠬ⥫,  
ࠢ쭥,  -,  뫮    ᥣ    (  
"भ") 㧭 .

 ᭮ 䠪  ।  ਭ 騭:  ⥯ (
ଠ) ୮  ⨯ ண.

ய᪨   (뭥  㦥   ⭮⥫쭮   ᫥)   -   
  騭    쬠  ⨢ ( ନ ᥪᮯ⮫ -
"ࠫ")   ᥪ㠫   .   ⨢      ⠪       
樠쭮-⮢    .      ⥫쭮   室   ᠤ᪠   
⨢-ᥪ㠫쭠  ᫮  騭,  ,         㤥
ࠧ᭥   ,   ਤ,            쬠  宦  
"⮪஢"  .   ⥬  ᪨ ࠪ⨪  
᫥    ⠪      騭  㣨  ( 㦥 - "砩
"),       ७⠫  ਮ  (  ६  ६)
࣠ ⢨ ᪨ ମ.

।⠢⥫쭨 ⮣    (⠪  ,     "")  ⢥ 
  㪫,   쭥襬     ᪨  
,     ⨢  .      뢠  묨  
६묨,  ,   ࠢ,   থ  ᪮  뤫.  
宦   騭,   ஬ [11] 뤥  ᠬ⥫
⨯:        ᪠  ࠧ  㫨,  騭,    
 [30]   ᮡ "ࠬ".

 ᨨ  ⠪ ᮡ  ᥣ 砫  ᠬ  ६,  
"஥,  ⮩" ਮ  ।  த殢  䫨  ⤥
,  ⠪,  ਬ,  ᭮ -.  ᮡ
 ய祪 뢠   ६ ।  砫⢠  ।
(  ୮)   - ⨩,     ஢ -
 ४஢:       ।⨩  ࠧ㬨⥫
ந,  ᪠  ,      祬    ਣ,    
ᯮ㥬  த,    -   ⢠. ᫥ 砫
"ன"   祧   , 㩤  ⨪ (  
 ) ,  襩 ,  //㯭 .

 襩 ࠭,   ࠢ  㣨 (ய᪨) ࠭, ⠪ 騭
   ⭮⥫쭮   ࠦ   .   襭  ᫥    ᨨ
騭ய祪 (  ᮡ  -  ᪨    )    
     (࡭,    ࠢ,    ࠧ)    ⮪        
㯥࠭-稭.   ⠪ ࠧ,   ⮬ 砫쭮,  ᢮ࠧ
䠪,      -  "࠭  ࠪ",     ⥫쭠 
ࠪ⨪,   ࠭ "쥩", , 㣨 ᫮,  - ⢮ 
䥬  ࠢ  ⥪      樠 ᮢ:  
᪨  ⮢.  " "     饬    ᨩ᪮
ᯥ䨪: 娩 (..  魮 砫  㪮⢠) 樨 
 筮 稭 騭.

[ ਡ.  ந⢮ ࠪ  ,  , ⠢ 
⮪. 筮,  ⮬ ᪠ 饥 ᫥ ॢ஢ 
㧭   .         ⢥⢥       ⥫㠫
ਧ ᪮ ⢠,   ० ᥣ .  ᪨ த
 ⠪ ,    ⭮   ᥬ饣   "ꥬ"
      ,   ᮧ   ᨫ      ᥡ   :   ।쭮
㯮冷祭,   ஬   ࠢ ⮫쪮 ᪫祭,  쭮
  ,     ࠢ.  ⮬   뢠  
ᨫ,   ।⢥  ᪠뢠  ஢ 諥.    㪠뢠
..誥  [17],  ",  ࣠,     ਢ 
⮬,   ⥫ ᪮ ⭮  ਧ.    ⢥  ⠭
  ࠪ,        㬭.  ᯮ冷  堮,  㤭 
⨬᪨ ஧,     ⠪    ࣠    
諥.  㣮 ஭, 襭 ⪨ 蠡   뢠 ᢮
蠡    ⥫㠫  ⥫쭮,    ᯥ稢    
⠭⭮   諥."]      ⥫⢠    ।  
⥫쭮  ⥯  ࠧ    ᥫ:  ,      㭨쭮
ᯮᮡ  㤮 , 㬭    묨 ⠭ﬨ,
⫨,     -  ⥫㠫묨 ᢥ襭ﬨ.   ᥬ
 - ᪫ ;  祬 ᪫筮  ᥣ    
 (宫᪨  ᮢ    ࠭  :  "ᣮ
   ஭").   ண⭠ ᪠  ਢ  ⮬,
  ,   ⮬ ⢥,   -:  ", ᪨, , -
'-'".  ࠫ쭮 ࠦ,  ᪠ 騭,   ᮫⭮  
ﭨ ⠢ ᢮ 뭨樠⨢,    ࠢ塞  稭
(       ⠪) ᤥ -,      ᠬ.
筮 ,   ᥣ  ந室 ।:  , ᪠, 
 㦭   ,  宣 ᯥ樠 (  ⮣),
  ⢥,   १ - ᫨    -   .  祭
宦   ᪫뢠  ᪨ 쬠,     稭
 騭   ᥡ  ᥪ㠫 㭪樨,    ᥣ  
騭,   ய窨.

ன     ᪨      -   㣣.      ᫥   쬠
"।⠢⥫" ;   ⮬     भ,   "
⮭":  .. ࠡ뢠 ᪨ ⠫ 㯥  ਥ騬  
㧭묨   騭,      ,   㣣        ⠢
⢥   設⢮         ..   樢  ࠭,
 ᪮ ᨯ樨.  ( ,  ⭮,     ⮬  
⠢  ୮  ᪫祭 -  ᥡ ⢥,  ਢ筮.)  -
⮦      騭,           릨⥫쭮    ("쭮")
ᥪ㠫쭮.  "  騭  -     ᫠" -  ᫮ ૠ 
楫   ਬ     ⨬  騭:  ।⠢⥫쭨栬
魮,  㣣୮  .  譥 - ,  ⢥,  ⢥,
 - 㯪,   ᥡ    , ⠪ 騭 ᯮᮡ
    ⢮⢮,      㣮    -  㯫
(,  -⠪ ᮢ,  ⠫  ਡ뫨  300%!  ),  ࠤ ⨦
᢮  楫  -    २,  쬠    쬠    -
ࠢ⢥ ५஢.

ᥬ ⨬ "᫠" ᮧ  ஦ 筮 (  ࠢ,
ᮧ⥫쭠).      易    ப  ᠭ  娠ਨ
..  "⮫᪮ ",  ᭮ ਧ ன -     
ᮡ⢥  ,    㡥   ᢮ "",   
⨣   ஢  ⢥    ࠦ  ७,
ࠢ.  騭-㣣   ᥡ  ⪨,  ਣ,
蠭⠦⪨    ..         ⠭   ᠬ,   ᥣ   -
⠫⫨묨.   ⠪ ᮡ ⥭쪮 뢠 .. "⪠"
-  ᥢ⢥栬.  ࠪ᪨      ⫨  ᪫   
७ ᥪ㠫 ࠢ,    "ᥪ㠫쭠"  
㦨⥫ ࠪ. ।   ⭮⥫쭮 ᫥
"୮-"  ,    㥬,  ᯮ 
,    ,  - ᫨ ᬮ -  .

⥭樠쭮,     ᮮ⢥饩     ਥ஢      
室   ⮣ ᫮ -   ⢨⥫쭮,  騭-㣣
ॠ쭮 ॢ室  ⮪    稭,    㣣஢,  ⠪  
㯥࠭.  ਬࠬ   㦨   ,   
஢᪠,      ⠩      窮.      ⠪   ᯮ    
"-㫥"  -  ࠧ祭      ᮡ  ᪨
㯠⮢;    ৠ  ५    訬   㯯   
㫥,        稫 ᢮ ஧.   ५  
  ᯠ᪠   ୠ樮⪠      -ᨮ.
  ,   ਨ,      ६,  
ਬ   ᮡ  ᪠  (?)      (    뭥譥
१   ),   易 頥 ⪮,   ⮬ ᥫ
ᯥ  ਯ뢠.

  -   ⮪,   ᫥ ᤥ ,  ᥣ
     " ४" ६ ਭ,  ⠪  ,  -
稭.  " 饪  ",  , ᥣ  २⢮
騭  -  ⠪    ୮  (稭  -  <⨢ >
祫⢠,   騭 - "ﭭ").  筮 ⠪        ⮩  "
⥫쭮":   ⮪,  ⬥祭 騭-㣣,
ᯮᮡ 몠   த஢    稭-ᥪ㠫,  
⭮,    ᢮    "ࠧઠ",   १  ,
  ਬ⠬,  ..  "":  ।쭮 ⮪    
   ७  த    -  ⮭      ᮡ
ᮯ୨,   , ⮦ , .

[ ਡ.  饬 砥,  ⭮襭 ᪮ ⮪  ᪠,
  㯥࠭  "אַ",   ,    ᮢ,
 ⠪ ᢮⢥ 㣣ࠬ,          ७  ⪠  
⥫.]   騭-㣣,    ࠢ,    ᢮  楫  ப
ᯮ 稭.   室  ⠢ ᯮᮡ   ᪨
"⠭",    ᨨ  ࠭  裡  ᯥᯥ⨢ 
⮬  ᪨ 稭 ( 饬 ᢮ 設⢥  -  ᮢ⫨).
  砥 ࠧ   "뤢᪮" 窨, ᯥ ⠪
"᪮    "    ᯥ祭,        ᮡ    -         ᮪
樠쭮-⨢  ஢,     ⠬,   魮 த
।⠢ "० 襣 ⢮",      ᢮
⠬ ⢥,   ""  ⠪ ᮪,   ⮬  饫릭
.    ᯥ᪠ 㦥᪠ ୮   窠  
   易⥫ "樠 㬮".  ᥬ  ⭠ 
 ஫,      ⨪  .    -
 ⮫쪮   ᮪⠢ 㦥  , ᫨   ।,
筮 ᯮ  ࡠ祢,  ᥭத    ᫠  ॡ饩
 㤮 (ᨬ?).   뢠  㤠,  ᯠﭭ,  אַ-⠪
""  :  ਬ,  ⮫    ,   㯭   㣨
.  筮 ,  設⢮ ⠪ "⮢" ,  
   ,  ⠪ ஬,  -  ᠬ४.

     ஢  樠쭮    ⥭  室     ਬ⨢
樠쭮,  㣮騭,        -   㤮魮.   ᯮ
⪨ 㯭 ⠭ ⮢ ७᪮  몠쭮  :
㡨-ࠡ⥫ ﭠ ( ⭨-᪨ ⮯ਪ,  ⮣譥
業 2 .  50 .     宫稪,      ࠡ⭨  ᣠ
⥫쭮  ६    ।  1960-  ਧ஢襣  ᪢ 
,   㡨襣      ,      ⥩)           
(ᠢ⠭殢,   뢠   ᫥   "   "    ᠬ
᪨ ⮯ਪ).

騭-㣣    ⮫쪮            ⠢   㣮   
᪨   㯯   (.,    ᮭ    ),    ।  
 ,  ,  ਬ, ਪ    1970- . ࠢ,
  ⠪  騭    "५ " (    ᮬ
     ⢠,    --ᬠ)    
 ,   "ࠤ客" (  ᪨, 냫 
..).    ᭮ -   ᫥  ࠬ  ⥫쭨,
᭮騥, 楫⥫쭨, , ஦...

   ᢮  ᪮ ,   ன 뢠,
 ⨭묨 㦨 設⢠ 㯭  ᪨  ᮡ⨩,  
     ⠪,   类 ⢨ 騭,  ⠪  
ਡ  "ᨫ   ᥣ"  稭.    ⠪    
祬- ᥣ  ⥫묨,    ⠨騬 쥧 
७.   ᫨   ஢ 쥧,    , 
,   ꥪ⨢,      ।      襫饥  ᢮
㬮  䠪⮢ ⥫⢮ ⭮ (  । -
.. 㤮 㦨 㪠) ⢥⢥ 騭   
  ᪨ ६ ⢮ 祫⢠ (ᨬ᪨ 稭
  ᪮,  襩,  ⭮, -  -  ).
 ,  ४ ७ ⫠ ᨥ,      -    
᪮!        ४⭮  ⮣  ⥫⢠  ᫥ 
,    ࠢ୮  ࠭    ⢥⢥    
騭,         ᠬ           筮  
᪫⥫쭮       騭-㣣஢.          ᠬ
"᪨ ଥ"   樠 ᥭ,    ⥬
 ૮ 訬 ᮬ.

 ᫮ ᪠,  ᮢᥬ  砩  ⮬   騭-㣣஢
⮫   ᢮⢥  אַ-⠪'    塞    稭-㡨.
(筮  㤥  ᯮ    ⮫    "६  ஬",   
᫥⥫ ⠫ ஭殢   ᢮ ᫥⢥ - ண
㡨樤 ࣥ 㥢 -  ⠪  ⥯  來,    
।  ⮫  ᮢ襭 .) ஬ ⮣,    
 祭 ᫠  ᮧ栭 業 ⮪    ஢  ᨫ
(,  ⮪  ..).   ⭮,  砩 ࠢ,  稭
  㡨  㣠  - .  ⮩  "᫠" 
஢   ᪨   ୨,  設⢮  ᢥ᪨  .  ࠢ,
  ⢮  ᢮⢥  騭  ,      ஢   諥
"⥣  롮    ⭥"  ﭥ      ⭮
,        ।⥫쭮    롮  稭  騭
⢥  ࠧ筠    ࠧ    (   ).   ⮬ ,
㬥⭮ 㤥 ᯮ,          ⮫᪨,  
த⢥  -    訬 -    ,   ୮
" ᥡ  ".

 ॢ 樨   ⢮ ⪨ ࠭祭  㯥 騭  
⮪  ५頬,        ६   ᯥ宬  ઠ 㯠
騭룫 (ਬ,   ⮬     -    ஭,  ⠭⨭).
६  ⣮᮪  ⮣ ᢨ⢠ - ᪨ ""  "졠"  
( 㦥   ).   襩 ५魮  (=堡)    ᪨
ࠪ  ஢   ⮬  騪  ਭ      
䥪쭮 梥 裡.

   饥 ६ -  "寧" ᫮   ஢  ᨫ:
⢨   㡫   ,   筥,      "ॣ୮",   
筮  ᬥ㡨⢥   ..  "५". ࠢ, 
⥫쭮      ந諠  㡫  ᨫ    ⥫⢮  
묨:    設,  ᮡ,     ..  "".  (  
   "設"      "࠭"  ᨫ.)  ⮬  
騭-㣣ࠬ   ⮪ 뢠  ᠬ       
 ଠ,  襩  - , ⮦ 㡫஢.

,   祡 (!)  樠쭮 宫,  ண 騭,
   ਠ   (   ᭮      -    ⮯஦    ᪠
樮-宫᪨  쭮⥩)  אַ-⠪  诨 ᫠᫮ﬨ,
㪢쭮 ࣠ ,   ...  ⮢!      
襭    -  ࠧ 㦥⢥,  ⮩ ,   ⢥म
㡥 ᨯ஢ ᮧ⥫쭨 筮 祡, ਬ஬ 
ᮢ६ , १୮   ६.

 ⮫쪮  㤨   㬥 -     ଥ  뫮 
뭥 ࠦ ⠬,    室    .⮬  -    㪪᪮
஫,    騥,  ᠬ  XX .  祬, 
㬥 ᥩ 㦥 㬥⭮, ୮ ६  ࠭ 諮  ,  
  ⮬    訥 ⥯   ,   ਡ ᫥ ,   
ࠡ⥫ - 祬  㦥 ⮢?!   ६    襩    "⮩
" 㡫 쬠 - ⮢ ⥫쭨,  ᮦ  ᯥ譮
⥫쭮  ⬥  .    ⠪   ᢮   樤      譨
⥫쭮 ॡ  " "  楫 訡筮
 " 稭".  , -,  㣠  㤮⢨
⠪  ਢ।  祪  -  ப  ⠢     
"㦡 ࠧப"  䨮 .

㧭 ᪨        -    ,    ᫨    ⠪        ࠧ,
"쭮᪨"   騭,   ..     樠쭮,    ᥪ㠫쭮
뭨樠⨢.    ᠬ,   ..  "",   , 
  ⭮,  ,   "   " ! ᠭ  騭,
"" -    ᪮  ஭த  ୮  ᨪ.  
     ,    룮  쬨  㫨,
   ..   ..   ⢥ ⢥⭮        ᮧ
"",  ,  ,  "" ᥤ,   ⥬  ,  ,
᭮     室,  뢠        ६    殮
ᥭ  .    ⫨砥 砩 -   ઠ ᨨ -
㯮;     -   ࠪ᪨   ⭠   㯮.      
⨢  "।  ਪ"  - ⢨⥫쭮,   ⫨騥 
஢ ,  ᪠ ४    ""  騧.  ।
騭 㧭  ࠭  - ਣ, ᮢ饭 
  ६    祭    㬮,  -      ⨫쭮
(⥭樨    ஦)  㡮  .  㧭  騭   ᨨ
।⠢ ।쭮 ப,     " ",   ⠪ ,
    㧭  稭,    থ  ⥫쭮 ⥯ 魮
ଠ樨. [ ਡ. 魠 ଠ ⢠  饬 砥 
 業⭮ ⢠    ,  ᨬ   મ
ࠦ  ᯮ樠쭮  騩  ࠪ:   -   ⢮
魨    ᢮  鸞  ⢮  뤥ঠ  (  ᠬ
   ⠪ "" ⢠ ᮡ  ᮢ뢠, 릨),
  ᫨  ⢮ ॢ蠥  ண,     ⢥ ᫠
樠 ,    ᫥  ࠧ    ⠭  ᨫ,
筮,    ࠢ⢥.]          ய᪨   ,
।⠢⥫쭨        த  ⥫쭮  窮
"-".  ࠢ,    ⫨稥   ய祪,  㧭 
    ⨣,      "室 ᥡ"  
  䨧᪨  ࠡ:  ५-诠,  "-"   ..  ஢ 
᪨ .  ,  筮,  ந諮  ⨢⢥  㤮
९䨫஢  "" ࠭ ᮢ᪮ , ࠧ襩
    뫮   ९⢨    ࠧ        ᢥ⫮
饬.

㧭,   ਭ樯,  ,    -  ய,   ᢮ ⥩
 ,    ᨫ   ,   ᠬ⢮, 祬 
⮣    - ᫨ ᬮ   த⥫ ᠬ⢥থ  
  権 ᯮᠡ,  ᠬ⢥ত  ⮪ 㯮⢠ 
⨦  ⠢ ( 뢠 ⥫⢠) 楫,  ..  
権 ஢ .

 ⬥祭 ய⭮ 㧭 ⨢ ⢥  ᫮
ঠ    騭    "  㪠"  -  ⨯   ଠ 
ॢ⨢ .   ,  ᮡ⢥,   ࠪ⨪   ன
ਠ堫쭮,  ஥᪮        ன  ᨨ.    뢠
筮    ⮩ "⪨",  ਯ㣨.    
䥬᪮  ।⢮   ᥣ ࠡ뢠,  ஬ ⮣,  ᥣ ⠥
᭮ ⮣,   㧭  ⢮  ॠ  "᫠"  
"宧鶴",  ⮣    "   ".

 ந⥪ 祭 ,     뢮. ।⠢
嫨 ॠ ࠢ  稩 㧭 騭 - , , 
⥭   㢥祭,   譠   !  -  த  "ᯨ窨  -  "!
᫥⢨ ⮣ ࠧ㬨        ᨨ,  ⨢襩
ᨯ  騭,      ᯥ稢襩  ᮧ   堭 
稭  ⮣,  ⨭,  ᥭத  ⢨.      ⥯  ᪠
᪮ 稭?! ᯮ! 쪮   㦥 뫮 ᠦ  
 묨 ! ⠫  ᠦ ⮫쪮 "ࠣ த", ᪮쪮
 " 㣨", "⭨ ", "㦥 "  "४ "
ᤠ ᢮  㣮  ,  " ⪨"    ⥫
ப!      設⢥  砥 ௥ 㧭 騭   ⠪
࠭,  ࠭     ᥪ㠫  .    筮
ਥ  ᥪ㠫  易    ᥬ  ,  祬    - 
४㥬 ᥪ᮫  ⥯  ७ (祭).

[ ਡ.  ⮬ 砥    ⢥ ⫨稥  
騭, ।  ᯮᮡ ᥪ㠫쭮 㤮⢮७ - 
"ਬ⨢",  ࠤ樮,  ⠪   쬠 ᪨,    ஬
⮣,      ⮬ ⥫,  "ᥫ⨢" ⥫쭮.
  ⥫쭮    ᮯ஢         㬥७,
ࠢ    ࠧ   襭⢮ ⪨.  ,  ਬ,    
᢮ ᯮ  ૥    -   .  "    
㤨,   㤠       ६. ࠢ, 
ᯥ稢  㠫 ਭ楢 ﭮ   ᮬ.   ᮪஢
    ॣ ᠦ  १   ਭ楢. 
  ᭮ ᥣ 뫨  ,   砩, ᫨ 㤨
,  ன    .       㯠 騪." 
த   㤠  ନ,  ࠪਧ騩  ⠪  騭:
"稥".]  㧭 ᬥ ⭥,  - ,  ⭮⥫쭮
㤭  ,        ।;    ᪮॥   ᢮⢥   ࠡ᪠
।,    -    易⥫쭮  稨  "".  (   -  ᠬ
"쪠,    ⨭",  ९  :  "      
騭?        ᮡ !").   ᫨    ᬥ
ந室,   ᨫ - ⥫,      ਪ
ࢠ⨧ -   ,   "宧鶴"  묨 "ࠬ"
 ᢮ ⨢ (ᥪ㠫쭮) .  ࢠ⨧ ࠦ 
⮬,     ਥ     뫮 ,  ,  ,  -
࠭祭.   ⮦       㯮,    
  ࠪ    ᭮  ਧ  㯮 -  ᯮᮡ
⭮ ᯮ짮 ᢮ ०  , 砥.

[ ਡ,      ᫮   ᪠,   ᢥ士㯮,   饥   㬨
祫⢠   ᠬ   祢訬   ࠧ        ࠧ  
஢ ᢮   - ਨ,   ப ன  
  ப,     ᭮   "" 襭 ᫠,
    ६,  ᫥    ⥫⢮,   ""    
ᮢ६  ࠤ樮    -    ᥣ  -᪠
,      ,  ᠭ ᮡ   
            ⮬ .  ⨭ 
"த  "  魮  祫⢠  ⥪  㡨,    
,  "ᯨ쬥",  ⠪ ,       ࠭,   ⥬ 
 -  뢮  쬨      ⠪    (१  ⮣  -
ࠢ⢥  ண,   ⠪  筮 ⥯   ⮩稢),
ᬮ  ,      모  ᪨    "⡨    
".]  ய᪨  - "-ࠫ" 騭 ,  ०,
 㦥 ᢥ妥騭 - "-" ᮡ.  ᨬ,    
஢,     ,  ⮡  ,     
ᥡ        ࠧࠧ;      稭,      
ᥤ .  ࠤ樮,   ॢ襬 ।⠢ 
 娬 ,   ,   砥, . ,
      ᮡ⢥  ⥩,    ⨭ 㤮⢨  
ﭭ   ᥤ᪮ ⢮ன.

㠫쭮    -  ࠭祭,   ᥣ  죠୮, 
 - 祭 ⠪筮  ⭮襭  稭,    ""
᫥,   ⮫쪮  㤨,   ⮣ -  类  
 ᥡ .   த    <廊>,  ⮫쪮 -  אַ
᫥,  ..  ᪫⥫쭮  ᥪ㠫쭮  " 饬-,   㦤,  
᪮쪮    "⫨",    ⠪   ,     - 
讬  - ࠢ,   訡筮.

 ࠢ୮  㤥  㯮ॡ  ⮣  筮  䮫쪫୮
ନ    ⭮襭    㣣୮    騭,    䨭  
ࠢ            ⥩᪨  ⭮襭,    
ᯥ稢 "" 㯮ॡ ।.

 ᭮ ࠧ  ⨬   騭  ᫥  
।    ஢    ⢥.    ,    騭-㣣    
ᮮ⢥  䨧᪨   ⠭ 묨 ᥪ-
 - (,  ࠢ,   ᯥ譥  㧭
騭 -    쭮 ⨥,     室饥). 
 䥪     樨  ।쭮  ண,  訪  
᪮  ᮤঠ,   ⮪.  騭  ய᪮
   襩 譥 ᪮ ਢ⥫쭮  ᯮᮡ  ⨣
⢥  樨:   ,  "ப 騭", .. 騭
  ⮫쪮      ⮫쪮   "vamp"   (ᮡ⥫쭨),            -
"ࠧ⥫쭨 㦮 ᥬ 砣".

[ ਡ.  㦭  ⬥,    -   "ᨨ",
"" -  室 " 㯥"   騭 㣣୮ .
  ᮡ    મ      ..  "⨦" 樨,
"୮"  -           ண      "",
।⠢ ⠭,  த騥 "ண" ࠭栬.  㧭 騭
   ࠬ⭮    ﭨ ।:  ୮  ਬ,  ࠭
ᮢ饭,  寧   ⥫⢠.   ⮬  ⥫쭠 
⮪ - ७.

,  ।쭮   騭    ࠧ.  ᫨    த
㣣  騭 ᥣ -筮 ࠦ ,    㧭 -
-筮,      -  ⮥, ᮡ  १ .
          ᢮  ,    ⫨稥    㣣
⮪,   ࠢ   ᢮    ⠪    "-ᮬ".    ᫥
⢨⥫쭮     ᮢ襭     ७         "ᨫ    ",
"⥫쭨栬"  ᥡ,    "묨"  -  "᫠    ।"
稭,    "      ".   (   砭   ᢮   ।⢥
ᥪ㠫쭮-㤮 ⥫쭮    ⠭ ""  -  㦥
ᮤঠ⥫쭨栬  㡫     ⮭.)  砩   ⭮
㤭  ࠧ뢠⥫묨 ࣠,     ᠬ㢠, 
   ⮣  ୮  ᮪.    ⭠    㤭,
"㯥-㬥"  -    ⠭殢,  檠  诨      .]
  騭-ய祪    稭  룫廊   ஭ 
뢠騬  ६ - ।⢥,    १ 뤥  ।
  騭  ( ,  ⠪  㧭).    ⥬,   
㬭 㣨 騭,     稭,    ⮬     ᢮
⥫㠫쭮  ॢ室⢮,        饣 .  ।  稭
 뢠騬      㣣஢,    
१   ⮩   䥪⭮ ଥ    
 ᯠम.

[ ਡ.     ⠭      㣣஢  ⮫쪮  
᫮,   ᫨               宫᪨    ਤ
㯥࠭.      宫᪨      ⮬   㯥࠭
㣣 ,  ꥦ, "ਣ  ᥤ".  ᮡ 
㣣,   ࠢ,  , 몠稢, 믥ਢ.
 ந室   稨 㡮न樮 ⠭樨,    
ࠧ  뫮    ᨤ .     ⠪    
ࠢ ६  㤭 ஭樮 (!) 堭,
 稭 饨  "ᨦ",   类 ਭ 
 ᭮ ⠪ ⨩;  ᪮॥,  ,    , 뢠
אַ-⠪ ⭨稩 .    ⮬  砥  ⫨稥  ⨢
㣣஢    㧭  砫⢥ 誨:   ᫥  
६  ஭樨,  ⥬  - 砫⢮.      "
ࠢ   㦠",         ⥬,      뢠  
宫᪨ 㥬 ᢮ 묨 砫쭨.]   ⮣  砥
⠪,    ⠪  "玲",  ࠧ 㣣஢,  "
ᬮ" ᢮ 砫⢠, 騭-ய窨   ᭥
 .  ⠪   騭  ४᭮ ,   ⮬   
  ७ 㣣஢  (  ய祪  ࠪ᪨  ᥣ
⫨砥   몭 冷筮),  ⠪ "  몫"
      ⠪      ,      -    騬
쥧 த.   ᢮ ।   ᯠ  㦤
 㣣஢,           ⨭  㬮祭  
쭮      ᢮  ⥫⢠,    䨪஢  
୮  -    㤮⢥,  ⠪      ਬ᪮.
ᠭ   "᫮" ⭮襭  ⢨⥫쭮 ⠢
   ஢ .   ⢥  ᨪ    ⥬
 ५䭮,   ᪠,  ⮡ࠧ ..  ⮥᪨.  ⠪
⭮襭    ,  ⠪ - ࠬ᪮ ⠨
 襭쪨.

    ⥫쭮 㣣஢ (   易⥫쭮
㯫   ⢠ 饭 ᫥ ⨦ 楫)   ᢮
冷,  ⨢⢥,  ਤ  .   ய窨,  
ᮡ ᨢ,  "",   ⥩᪮  ᢮  ⭮,  
    뢠    㦥    㬠  稭,  
᭮ - 㣣஢-ࠧ⭨.          묨,
襭묨,  譥  樭묨,     - 騬  ࢮ ࠪ (
裡) ਤ,  襤   ⥩ - " ﭪ   ⠢
".

 -⠪,      殢,      ४ 騭 
  ( ⮬ ᫥ ਮ⠥   ᥪ㠫쭠  ଠ:
-  ⨯  樨,   ன ⢮ "஢"  
 ⥬⨧樨     ⭨,   ⥬ -  室饩
   ⭮   ᫥⥫쭮    ,    ⠪  -  ᪮쪮  ࠧ).  
騭-ய窠,  稢 ⠪ ࠧ   宫  
  ଠ  (᫥  -    ᭮  ⭮ ⢥
㣣஢),  ਡ  ⮣    ୮  ⮣    
।⠢⥫ ᢮    㧭,  㦥 ଠ⨢ ᥬ
 㦥"㤠筨":  ..   "⨦",  "稪"   ""
( ।  㦠騬),     騬 , த 
 ࠡ.

 祭  騭 ய᪮   ॠ  ᥡ      
ᮢ襭  -:    ⭮,    ..  "ᨭ 㫮",  । -
娭- (     ⥫쭮    ᪮  ᠬ,  ,
᪮॥  ᥣ,    ⠪  騭  㤥  ७  客  
⢠ 饣).

...       ࠧ  祫⢠,  室,  ⢥,
ᬮ  ஡  ਤ樨  祫᪨  ,  ..,    
᫥⢨    痢.      ।,  室  
⥫⢮,    祫᪨    ᨬ,  ..  
"ॠ",    ࠭,    ᥪ,    
    ⥬ .  ⠪ ᫮,   , ,
筮,  ,   ਤ 㦥 -  뫠 ᤥ
᢮ "୮ ":  ࠧ   ࠧ,  ⠢    
祫   ।,      쬠   ࠧ   (..  㠫쭮
㥬),   魮,  祫筮,     ⠪    -
筮⭮ । - "६"  ⨢ : ,
㨧, ࠤ, 祫.

[ ਡ.      "ࠢ⥫"  ⥧  㦥    ⠭
  ,  ⢥,  .    ᮬ,    
묨   楫 ᮡ⢥ ᪨஢,   ,   뢠,
" ⥭  ⥭".    ⠪ "ࠢ⥫ 䠫訢" ( "
  -  ")  饭    室,  ७   ᮢ ᮧ
  ⠪   ,   ।   ஬!  ]  ᠬ   ,
筮  ⠪  ,       砥  "謠஬ " (⥮ ⥯
஢  ࠧ稩)  ⭮襭    ࢨ,  ᭨,  
  ஢  祫᪨    -   ⮦  ,  
  ⮬ ⥫⢥ 砥 蠭  릨 祫⢠...

 ⥫  (९騥  騢)  堭  㦥  
⨢ (筥,  १᪮) ⠤ ⭮襭 뢠
쬠  쬠 ⢥묨,  ᬮ   ᬠ뢠騥  ᪨騥
   ࠧ   䠪:       ᬥ⨪,  ,  ६
ᥪ㠫 ᫮ (""),  ਭ㦤, ...  ⥫
堭  祫  饭 ⥬,  室   ᮧ 
⮬        ࠭      -  ⢥   ᪠
ᯨ⠭,     楫ࠢ.

   堭 ᭮묨  ⢠ ࢮ ⫥,   ⠪
饭, 뢠  宦 冷: 吝, 殮  ,
,  ᨬ⨨    ᯮ⢨.  ,  筮  ,      
"魠" ஭ ⠪;  饭  樨      ᮢ襭
.   "⠪" 饭  "᪮묨 窠" 㦡
 "⮭ࠬ"  뢮.    饬 砥,    
      砩,  樮  - 㦥  稭,   - .
      ࠥ  ࢠ      室饬   砥   
ᮧ⥫쭮  ⪨  Id ().  ⬥祭  "⥫⢮"  
 ⭮  㧭   ய (  筮  ᢮⢥
ਤ),          ன  ⥯    ॢ
  宫  "ன  ᭨"    ஢     ᬥ⥫쭮
, ⨢⢥  த砬 - 䠣.

 㯥࠭  ᠬᮧ  મ,     ᮢ襭
 , 騥 ந묨   ஢  ᨢ.
    㦠騥,    ⮬  ᫥    騭,  ।⠢  ᮡ 
 譮,  ﭭ ࠧ।饣 ⠤, ஥ 室
ঠ " 㧤", " 㭥",   ᥣ - "  㪠".

㣣   ,   ,   , ਭ
᢮  "⮩":    ஭,    ६ 
஢,    㣮,    ⠭    筮  ᭮
㦥,   ᯮᮡ    쥧  ⯮.        ஢
  筮  ࠦ    ᫮:  "  - ⨢ ,   ⨢
 -ᠬ ".

᫨      ।⥫  㠫  ᨣ    뢠
᢮ ⥫쭮 ⢨,  ࠡ뢠 (-  ࠧ  
᪠  ᬠ뢠騥  ࠧ 䠪!),   ⮣ 㯠 
⢨   ⧨᪨   ⥫    ࠭⥫  堭,
।  ࠣ騥  㦥    䨧  ࣠.  -    
।    ᪨  ⪫,  ਢ  ( ࠢ,  
᫥    -F2,F3...)K  ⠪  ᪨  ,   
모,  ⥭,  ᯫ ("-䥪")  ..    ⭮ 
⢨  殢᪮  ,      譥,  ਭ᪮  ⨭⮢  
த⥫.

 ,   㦭   ⬥,    㥬  ᪮  ஦  
묨࠭ ᫥  ਤ ⮬ ( 騢   
  )      ⢥  "⠪᪨  室"  த.
   ਤ 樨 室 ࠧ ॥,  - 
᫮,  ᯥ᪨  祫᪨,  ..  㦥   "樠쭮 ⠢"
᫮  । ଠ,    饨,   ࠭ 
ᬠਢ    ࠪ,   ⮬   뤥塞 
饩 ⨭.     ६,  ⮣ "樠쭮" ஦ 
ᮡ  砩      ப  ᯥ ࠧࠧ न
宯⮫᪨ .

     ࠧ  ।⢥  ࠣ   䮫   
  ,    ⮬    ஦ ਤ ⮬⢠ -
१ ,  ..  "ᢨ⭮" ᬥ襭     
祫᪨   ,  -  ଫ    ⥫쭮  ᢮      
䨧᪮  ⨯,    ᮯ஢,    ࠧ,   㤮筮
⮫.    ᥣ  -    饯    -  ⭮
ᬥ饭 ᮧ,  ⮫   ᨢ ⥭権.   
,    㬠⢨,   ,  稨, "ᤢ",
"஭",  <ଠ쭮>.   樭᪠ 䨪
     ⮫  祫᪮  娪      뢠
 䠪,  ⮬ 㦤  ⢥ ४஢.

筮 ,     祭 宦 ⨢ 宯⮫᪨
     .    砫쭠 "ଠ"
⮫ -  ᨫ 樠쭮-᪨ "থ  ந⢠",  ⨯
ࠧ⥫  ᮢ,  ⨢  権...    襩  
뢠  묨,  譨  䠪ࠬ,   ⠪,      ,
મ,   ୮     樠쭮  ।,      㦥  
⢥  ⠪    ᥭ,   ᮯ஢   ᥬ
 ᥢ  筮⥩:  宯⮢, ᥢத,
ப࠭  ..    १砩 ᪠  
⨭ ⥪ ⬥祭 ᮢ ਤ 樨.

 ࠧ  ⠭  ᭮,         ७
ࠬ ⠪ᮭ᪮  ""    ⠪  ⥯,  ⮡    
    ᥡ    祫  ᯥ䨪 - ᫮ ᠯ⭮.  
⮫쪮    ⠪  ⥫쭮    ନ  ""  -     ⮬
㤮筮    ࠧ㬭,  ⠭  ᮢ襭  ,    ୨
।  砥 訧७,  宯⨨, ࠭ ᨭ஬
 ..     ਤ樨,  ன ந室 
  ᮢ襭  ᮢ⨬  ਥ権:  魮  ᨢ  
魮  ⠪.

 -⠪   祭   宦        ᠬ,  ᬠਢ訥  ࠭,
" 䫥"  ,  騥   ⢨  
࣠    ⨢  ⨬㫮 (ਬ,   ⭮ ॡ
६      㡥),    ⮣    稭    
ᮢ襭  㬥⭮.   ᫨  ⭮ ⠪ ﭨ ﭭ
 । ( ᯥਬࠬ) ,     ᢨ⭮  ⮬
魮  魮    室 "",    ⮬ ந室
㥬 ᡠ ᮧ,   १ 祣   "室   㬠":  
  ⠭  ,      ⮩  ⢥  ਥ.
筥,    ந室       ᮧ   ⨨      ஢
(ࠢ⢥),  ன  "ᬥ蠭" 祫᪮ ᮧ 㦥 
 ﭨ ࠢ,  , ᯮ, ࠢ  ⨥ "ठ"
 ⠭ 㤮筮.

 -  ⥯  ਪ,  -ࠣ᪨,  룫廊   
ᮢ  饯 ᮧ          ,
ࠢࠢ   㦨騥         .        
⮬:  "㡮 誠"     ஢ (㣣୮!),  
    ६ ⥫쭮 뤭,  "ᮢ⭮"   ᢮ ⨥
(㧭!).         襭      㤮饭    ⨢
訧७᪨   :      த   ᮢ饭        
। "ᯫ뢠"  ᮧ    ⮩  "  "
(㧭!),          ய     㡨    "    "
(㯥࠭쭮!) - 㤮魮 ᮭ ⭮  .⨢ᮭ.
  ⮬     饯 ᮧ ⭮  饨
砨 ..  "㩭  ⥫⢠":        "४砥"  
稭  ⨬   .

[ ਡ.      㤥   㬥⭮   ஢   ᫥騩   "᫥
ᯥਬ".  ।,      祫⢠  (    祭   让
⤥쭮,  ஢  祫᪮  樨) ⮡࠭ ,   ᥩ
  㤪,  ..        襭  .  ,  
१  譮  ந諮   砭 !   
奢᪮  (᪮)  窨  ७  祫⢮  (   ⠪,
    ,  )   㤥 㦥  ࠪ᪨ 
.   䮫᪨      ⠭,  ⠭
  ⥭樠쭠  ⮢ (஦ ।ᯮ)  㤮筮
:    ⥩   祭 .  ⥫
 , ᪮॥ ᥣ,  ⠪ 砥 㤥 㦥 , ᬮ  , 
 ⪨ ᫮ (⨯ 䠣)  筮  ࠧ㬫  猪
⠭.

᫨ ⠪  ᪮  " 祫⢮" 筮   
(  ⭮),    㯮 ᮮ⢠  ,  
ᬥ⥫      ᮡ    ਨ  ⠭  (   ᥩ-
祫⢮ 祭  諮   ᢮  "쥢 ", ᫨
   ᪠     -  ᠬ          ⮬  ).  
ᠬந쭮  ᯠ    ࠦ騥      ᮡ   "ࠩ䥮",
騥    10-15    ᠬ殢    ६  ⢠  ᠬ  
⥭襩.  ᥬ⭮   ⠪   "祫  ᫥ࠧ㬭"
("Homo    post-sapiens")   㤥      ।쭠   ⭮.
  ⢮.        ᠬ栬         
易⥫쭮 㡨⢠   "⮢"    "ᥪ㭤⠬" 
ᥬ "⥫᪨  ⨢",    .  㬭,  ࠢ⢥
    ⠪  砥  ⠭      㤮魮
ਬ Homo post-sapiens.

ᨢ, ⭮  -      ⠭    ᢮,  㦥  樠쭮
饬,   .  ⥭樠  訧७-⮬  㦥    
 㤥 ਢ஢뢠     ᮯ.  ⥭樠  ࠭
㤥          ᢮    -  "⮬",  
ࠢ  㣨 ᮡﬨ "ࠩ". ..  "⢥"  祧
,    ⮬  ᫥  ⢮  㬨 ਤ ࠧ 
ᮡ.  " "  " "      㪨...,
筥,   ,     ᮢ襭      ᢮  ०  ࠧ  
ࠢ⢥ .

ࠢ, ,    ,     ⥭樠   ਤ   ⮬
(訥  㬠襤訥)          ᮢᥬ  "⭮"  ᥡ
⢮,   ᥡ  ⮩稢 ࢭ-᪨ ,
  ਢ  - ࠭  ⪫  ,  
⮬  筮  ࠪ뢠: ⭥ ᥣ "뢠
  "    ।,  ० 㣨   ⣮᪮ 
ࠧ稩,   砥   ᪮  "㬫"  祫⢠,
⠫   ६ 㤭  ᪠ "᪨ ",  ..  ⠪
ᠬ,       ᠬ殢 ("㯥࠭") 
  "業"  ⮬⢮  ।쭮 ᨢ.    ।
   ࠧ   ࠭:      祭        
⨯᪠  ⠭    㯥࠭  㧭 .  ⮬
饨⭮ ࠧ ࠦ "த 祫᪨"  ⠪ᮭ᪮  
    ᮢᥬ  .  뭥譥  祫⢮    ᪮॥ ᥬ⢮,
饥  த, 饣  ᥡ  㣣஢    ,
  ⠪      -  ᪨    쭥  -  ,     த
㯥࠭    (,    ண⮢):          㤪,
"ᨣ",  .]  ⨭ ਤ樨 祫᪨ 
᪠  ᫮,      "㤢"  ,  ᨢ-
ࠪ      ᮢ  ᫥  魮 ਧ.  
ந室  - ⮩  "⠪ᮭ᪮  ।஢  騭,  
ன   ਭ  묨 ਧ 魮⨭魮
।  ᪨  ⨯,    ᨢ,      -
᪨.      ⮬ ⮨ 祭  ᯥ  䨧 
ᥬ 祫᪮ ᥬ⢥.  ⮬  ਧ  (    ,
  - ⢨ ମ ࠢ⢥ 堭)   ।
᪮ ⮬   ⠪  १    騭  (  
१   ᪮쪮      ਤ   騭),      ᫮  ..
"⭮" (୮) 騢  ⮪஢묨 묨   
᫥  .  쬠  室     ⠪ ᯮᮡ
᫥ ਧ 魮    ᮡ  䨫  -    ࠣ
騭,     ᪮ .  (⭮,   魮 -⠪
"᫥"  ࠣ   騭.)   ⥫쭮,   ஦   祪   
ᢨ      ॢ  ਤ    ᨢ  ᫮,    
ᨬ    ⮣,      ⭮   ଥ         
⭮  ⨫쭮  (..     ,   ,
᪠,  宫쭮,    ),     ⮤      
᪮쪮 ⠪ "᪨ " 묨࠭ ਤ ⮬,  (᫨ "
") ᥪ ਤ  " ". ஬ ⮣, ᯥ ᮢ६
樭  த  ,  ਤ  "஥  堭"   ਤ
,   ⭮ (     ⮬    ⭮),  졠    ᪮
ᬥ⭮.

 ""   ⥪      ஦   ਤ   ⮬
㯥࠭,  ᫥  ⭮,  ᪮  ⢨.  ६
஢      ࠡ   堭  ᫥⢥    ᮢ㯭
⢨  ⮬⢮ ᪮쪨   祭,     
    ᢮         .  ..  ,  ⮧ 
ࠧ ஧ -   ந室 " ࠢ쭮"     ⠪
ᢨ,  騢.  㦥  ⮬ ( FI) 
㤥 室  쥧묨 ⪫ﬨ    ,      ஦
⮫쪮   쥬    ( 饬 砥,   ᪠,   
祫᪨  ਤ  ஦    ᤢ,    ,    
  "।,   饥":  樨 F2,  F3...).   ஦ 
"᪮ "   ⮫쪮    "⮬"  砥:  ..  
⠪  㯥࠭   묨 騭  ᫥⥫ ஦
뭮 - ⭮⥫쭮  "த  ⨨".    㦥  ஦
祪,  ⬥砫  ,     樨,
 ࠧ  ᥪ  த⢮.

  "᪨ " 魠 ⭮:  ஦ 稪 
ᥬ    ய窮-    㧭  㦥 (ਠ "").
 ⭮  楯 ন        ਤ  ⮬,
⮤  ⮣    ਤ  ⢨,    "室   ᮪"  
 F3,  F4 १ ࠧ  宯⨩,  ࠭쭮  ..
騥  ⠪  㩭 ⥫⢠,   쭮
  ᮫⭠   ᥪ㠫쭮   ᥣ   뢠      ⥫쭮
஢஢묨  ⮬⢥ ,  મ.

   ᫮  ⠭  ਭ  ஦ ਤ
⮬        ᬥ襭  㣣஢    묨  .
쥧  ⫨稥    ⮬  砥  ⮨    ⮬,    
ᨢ  ਤ  ⮪  ਬ୮       ࠪ   ᢮
⥪.        ⥬,    㣣      ᪨
ᯮ   㧭 ଠ⨢ - ᢮   ,  
ࠢ    㯥࠭,    뤥,  筥,  饯  
㣣७ 㧭  樨.

 ⠪  ஦ ਤ  ⮬    ᬥ襭  㣣୮
  㧭  ய᪨ ,  ⭮,   ⭮, ᥬ
   砨  ஢  ,    ⮬  ᭨
樤  (ᠬ㡨),      ⠪      ।  ⥫ 
㭨⮦  ᥩ  ᥬ,      ⥩.      ।,  
"樠쭮-㤮筮"  ଫ  ᮢ  묨࠭ ਤ ⮬
ᬥ襭    祫᪨ .  뢠,   室    
ࠣ筮.

 ⢥  ⠪  "譮-쥧"  ਬ    ਢ "砩 
⥠",  -     ⥠ࠫ쭮    XIX  ,      
࣮ࠬ  (    ࠭᪨,     ⠫᪨),    稭
- ,  ᫥   ஢  ⠪    㦭,  ⮦    "ᮠ⢥"
稫    ᮡ.     ࠣ祭,   ⮫  襭  ᥩ ᢮
쥧,  "䥭" ᠬ㡨⢠ 䨧  ७,  ᮢ襭    
⢥  ᪮  㬥    室 ⥫᪮ ᨨ  ᢮
.

  ⪨   (ᮡ ᢮ ⠡)  砨  
  ᠬ㡨  -   ᫥ 䠪 㯯 ५
ᠬ㭨⮦  ஬ ᫮ .  筮 ,   - 
 (ப, ᨨ  ..)   "  ⢥ "  "
ᨭਪ".   ⥬  ,   뢠,   ଠ   
,  "  㭪⨪",        ⠢ ,  ஢
࠭  "५"  ᥪ.             ᨫ쭮
㣣⨢ ⢨ ⠪ ࣠権, ᯮᮡ   ᮧ
 ଠ ,   -  ⥬   뭮ᨬ   宫᪨
㧮,  ⮬ ᪨  祭.

[ ਡ.  ஡ 祫᪮ ஦, 樨 祭 
襫 ਣ਩   -    ࠦ  :  "⮪  
殢",  "᭠ ", "  ᥣ", "  "  .., 
..,      ⮬  .      ᥩ  ᢮  ࠢ쭮    樨
⢮   ᮢ  ஦,  樨    祫᪮  ।,
楯    - ࠧ㬨⥫ ᭮  ᭥,
  ᪫祭  砩    뫮  类 ஢ ᫠
.  (, ⮫ 뭥 ,   "஢ " ⮨ 
     㣨 ⠪  த ᫠;  筥,  - ।
 <䥩  饩>    <  >).  ஬  ⮣,  ᠭ  
 ⢮७ - ࠤ筮,   ᪨.  筮  
ᨨ ஢ - ᢮   -  ,  ⨯  ᮧ⥫  ⠪
䠫訢,   " 쬠",  "६᪨ "  .. ⮬ 쭮
 ७  ⮬,        ᠭ    ⢥
楫:  ।஢ ࠢ,  ਭ樯, .  ᠭ  
   ᠬ  ⮢,                
...  ஭ ਣਥ  ஡ ᫮  砩 
 祫⢠.  ᮦ, "⥮᪮" ᭮ ஬ ᮢ
樨  । 祫⢠ - ﭭ ⠢⮫᪨ 뫪  
,  "   ᥣ"  (      -  -⠪      ᠬ
!)  -    ஢  ।,      䠭  
騩 ⨢,  䠪㠫쭮  ਠ    .]  砨  
   ⨯᪮   ᮮ⢥⢨,   ਢ騥    //஬ᮬ
  ⠫쭮  浪  (ᬥ⥫)      ⬥     
䨪 - ⢨ ᪮  모襩,  ⥬  - 
 ⥪,    饬  ᫥  (   !)
  ࠪ⨪.

 ࠧ  १⮬  痢  ஦ 祪, 
  ⭮⥫쭮  室,  -    ᠬ 
"ࣨ"   த   ᢨ⭮      祫.   襭
஦ 祪  ᫥⢨ 襩 릨  ।  
㣮  ᯥଠ⮧,   ஬ᮬ,   襩 ⮩
  ᨬ ஬ ஬ᮬ:  XX.    ந⥪  
 騭 ; , ࠢ, 室 ⠪ 뢠  , 
थ筠   騭 ⠪ ,     稭,    ⠭  "
":    뭠訢 ॡ.

  䠪 २⢥ ஦ 祪   ⠪
 襭 ᫥ 騭   ,    ⠪  -"
࠭ﬨ".          ୮  २⢥
஦ 稪:  ~ 53 %  ( ६ । 稪 -  襭
ᬥ⭮).  筮  ,  ᭮  ⢥    騭   魮
᪮ ਥ樥 ⠢ ।⠢⥫쭨 㧭  ,  
    -⠪  ᫥⢨  ⢨       ஭ ୮
᫥  ᪮ - 魮 ᪨ - ⨭.

  ॢ஢   騭  (᫥  ਮ  ࢮ⭮
஬  ஢  稭 "  ஭",  ⮬ ᫥ 
ᥪ㠫쭮)  ਠ  ᥩ ᢮  ""  ᫨  㤮魮
⮪.        ⨢   ᫥⢨  ⥫쭮
饬 ᥪ㠫쭮 ஢  稭,   ਢ祭    ⮬
"⥫쭮   "   ந⢠       ப  ⠡
।⠢⥫ 㧭 ,   㤮⢨ 襤 " ",  室
  ⮬  "  㫠"    稭,    ᯥ稢    ⮬  㦭
" ᫥"  ঠ ⢠  騭.    
"᪨  "    "  "  ।⢥  﫨 
"祫 த" ( ⠪     "த").        쭥襬  
ந諠  "⠢"  ਠ,    㧭  㦥  
᫥.

⣮᪨ "⠢樮"  魮  ᥪ㠫쭮  ஢  -   ,
ਬ,  䥮쭮 "ࠢ ࢮ ",    ࢥ 뢠 
ਭ (ᥭ,  ஭,  ...),  ⠫쭮 ਯ - 㦥, ᮡ⢥,
᪨  ,  ..  㧭  .  ,    - "쪨
뭮窨"  뢠,   ࠢ,  ⥫ﬨ  ᯮ⢨  -  㪮騬
஬ ᪨ ⮢ -  "騪",  "稪".    譥
 뤥﫨    ॢ:  뢠,    뢠,  "묨  ﬨ":
ᨢ,  ,  ࠯⥥,   饬 "த⥥",    業
⮬⢠ ( ?) ⠢      ᬮ  -  -  㪠  
஦ ᢮ ⮬   F2  F3.

⥫묨 䠪ࠬ,  ࠭稢騬    ⠪,  
( - 﫨) ᪨ ࠪ,   ⠪ ࠢ - ﭨ    롮
⭥஢    ࠪ த⥫᪮ ,   - 筮.  ਬ
 ࠭祭  ,  ᫠᪨  ࠭,    ⠪  ,  
ன ⠪ ⥫ ஫ ࠥ 稥 ᫥ .

   ⥫  堭    ࠭稢騥  騢
䠪 砩      稭.  騭 ।⠢ ᮡ
    ⠢   祫᪮   ᥬ⢠   (   ⮬,   ⭮,
魮ਥ஢ 設⢠ ᪮ ⨭),    ᬮ७
 㯥  묨 稭,     ਬ몠  ⮩ ஢
᪮   祫⢠,    ⮬  ⤠  ᥪ㠫쭮  ।⥭
  㯥࠭    㣣ࠬ,     魨,   ⮫쪮 ,
"騬 稭".  (   ⮬,    ।⥭ ⠥
   襩      ⥮᪨,   ..   ॡ.)   
२⢮   ᠬ  ⢥ত ࠧ  訬  ﬨ
  稭      ।⠢      ⨦ 
  "    ᮫楬".        ⮣,  ᬥ    ன⢮
㯥࠭,     ᪮,  ⨧饥  ,  ⠪  ,  
뢠, ઠ  㣣஢,   筮, । -
몠쭮  "" (,   㤮 , ), -  
ਢ  ᥡ 騭 筮 ⠪ ,    ᠬ 㣨    
.

   ,  ᬮ   䠭,  㦭 ⬥,   ⠪
 ⢮᪮  ⥫쭮  (ࠣ騥  ।  ᫮  娪),  
    몠,     ⮫쪮 ᯥ᪮ 㡫樥 ,  
  ।,     ந  ᪨
।    ਢ祭  ᠬ.  ..    -    祫᪨  
 "⮢",  ᮫쨭 "-५"   ..    砩,  
  ⮬    ⢮᪨   㪢쭮 诨 㣣ࠬ 
ਤ묨   ᮡﬨ   (㬠襤訬,   饭栬),   㥬묨    
宫᪮     樮묨,    業㠫஢묨
筮ﬨ.  ⮬ ⭮,    ⢮ (  ᥣ  ⢮ਫ)  
⥠ࠫ   㣠.         ⮣  㫮    ᥡ
⥫ (᫨      )    ⠪  "⠢  "
ᮡ,  ᫥  祣  㤨 ⠫ ।⠢ ᮡ אַ⠪ "㡫",
ᨭ   㣣஢    ਤ,  //蠭  ࠬ,  
 㧠  諠   ࠧ쭮 .

-,   "᮫쨭  "    ந⥪        
襪  몠⠬  栬.     -      ⮬,    
㬨,   ࠢ,  ࡭     ᥪ㠫쭮 , 
த⮢  ⮩  ᯥ䨪  ᮡ⢥  ᭮  ਥ樨,
饩          "묨",        ᥪ㠫쭮
த.        ꥪ⨢  ᬮ७,    ன  ⥯
ࠧ, ⠪ ᪨ 㪮᪨ ந,  䭨  , 
,   ,  䨫,    ,    襬, "㫠୮"
砥.  ᭨    ,   ॠ쭮 ।⠢  ᥡ   "騥
㬨"      ।⠢  㦥  㤠:  筮   ਬ஢   
᪠쭮 ஭ 饭    ப-箪-.

     騭    墠⠥    "ਭ楢",      "-"
室 ⢮ 类  த  "㤠筨"    "஬",
    ਮ ᢮ 堦   ᬮ -,   宬
,   ᥡ (筮  ﭨ ⮣   ﭥ) 
类  宦    "饣 稭" -  魨,   ⥬ ᠬ  
㦤   ஥  ६  ,  㣮    ⮪  १.  
쭥襬  ⠪  묮祭 ࠭ ⠭ ய묨 ꥪ⠬
  ⥫     "஢ন묨"  㬥⠬
⨯:  "  㣨  ,    祣!",  "ﯪ,    稭!"  㣨
묨   㦨   ᥬ   .         ,
।⠢⥫    - 㧭  ய᪮,   ⠪ 
ࠧ   室  㬭.

 ⮬  㡥⥫쭮  ᢨ⥫   ᪨   ,      ⠪
⥫쭮     ᭨     ஢     祫⢠:     -
㬥஢  ⨪  ᨫ,    (஬  ஭⥫)  㦥
.      ⮬   ய  ᨫ    ⮪  
᪫⥫쭮  । ଥ,        ᪨஢.  
⮣  ᯮ  ।⢠  ⢠   魮 ࠢ,
믮 㭪 뢭 㯮஢ , 믫᪨  祫⢮
    客  ࠢ:  ,  ਫ,  "㦠᭨",  ⮫᪨
 䠭⨪  ..

᪨   ,   ᢮ ।, ᫥ 㧭 
 75%  -  ᠬ ஬ 業.   ⮬  ࠢ쭥 㤥  
  ,   ⮬ ய,  ⠢ 㦥  85 % ! 
⠭ ᪨ , ᮧ ண   痢: 
䮭  ⠪  ᫥  த   ஧   ⨬   ਤ樨
ॠ쭠,     襬  砥      ࠧ뢠  ࠭  .  
ᮦ,  ᠬ  䠪 -  㢥祭  ᫥  祫⢠  
⨢  :    "  ᭥",  -,  ⠪  ஬
⢠ ,  筮 뫮   ,  ᨬ -  म.
     ࠤᠫ쭠,   筮 襭  ,  ⠪ 
室      ("ᦠ⨥  祫⢠")  㤥  ᪮॥  ᥣ     
ࠣ᪨.

  ਤ樨 ⥫묨  ⢥묨 ⮦ ,
㦥   - "魮 ७"   ஭,  ..   
ᮮ⢠  ⨬  ᫥  ॢ室⢠   ᪨ ᮡ,  
ࠢ  ⢮     稭 ( "६").   ⮬
  祭  ᢨ⥫ ⮣,   㣣   쬠
᫮,   .

 类 砥,   筮 ।  ⢮  
    "室묨" ਧ -  ᢮⢠  㣣୮,  ⠪ 
㧭 ,    ஢   ஢  
ࠧ,  ,    ᠬ ६,    ᫨   ᢨ
ਤ.   -   譨 ᪨ ਧ  ,  
騥 ᫮⮩ "ਭ", "㪠", থ,  ࠢ,
㥬   ᪮ த ஧蠬  䨪.  ⭮,
 ..  "嬠",  "ᥫ砪" ( "諨 ⨯" -  ⨯ .
୮), 㤮ࠦ騥 ᢮ ।᪠㥬   ᪨ 室
㦠  :  ᥤ,    ࠡ.  (ਬ, 訩 
祢 -  ⠦  "ᮢ-⥩"    㤠⢥  㬥  ᨨ,
⢮ਢ訩  ᮡ    ୮ ⮪ ஥ ᪮ ⨨
ૠ᪮  ⨯      ࠧ.    ᨨ   ⢥   
⢥  ᯠ⥫쭠  騭 (᪨,  ᮡ  ᢮
騭),   ࠢ ᪮஬᭮ 몮   ""    祢  
祢.)  ⮢        ਫ쭮    ஦ 
  ,  ⬥祭   ,   筮 ࠦ,
訧,    ⥯  ᨢ ।    "嫥":
  ஥  ""   ,   ࠧ
.  ॥  ᥣ,  -   ⮬ ᬥ襭  㧭  
㣣஢,  -,  "ᠬ ",  .. ⤥  
㣣७   ᫥ ᠬ ᫥.   -    "寧",   
⥫쭮 ਬ "த" - ⭨ ᮡ.

஬ ⮣,  -,      ᫥  ⭥    ⠪   筮
 㣣஢,   ᮧ ᢮, ᫨  ,  
ࠩ ,  ᮢ⭮,  थ筮,      -
⮣,     ᥡ    ᨫ.   ᥣ ⠪  室
 ᥡ 室  ⮩   ⢮᪮,    㡫樨.    
   訥,         ᫠,  樮  
⥫,  ભ ( ) "" ⢥  ⥫,  
⠪ "ண,   ࠢ" ந⢥ 㪮⥫.  ( 
諮   ᮧ    ⠪  -ᠬ祢⥫    
᪠  娬    "ࢮத    祫".)   ᮦ,  
㤠筮         -⠪         ᢮   ०   ⪨
ᠬ筮.

 饬    砥,  㣣    ஬,       
࠭,   ⭮襭  㯥࠭   㧭 , 
  室    ⠪    ⨬  ᫥.    ⠡ ᪨
⠭権    襩 ᭮  ࠧ ᫥騬 ࠧ. 
ᮮ⭮  ᮡ ⠪:

                      :  :  :  = 8 : 4 : 2 : 1

    =4   ᫥    㯠饩    ᪮.  (  -
㯥࠭,   - 㣣,   - 㧭,   - ய).    
㣮   ࠪ,      "   ᢥ",      㤥   룫拉  :

           ...................................... .. 
                                                  /
           ------------------------------------/

 ,      ਤ                 ᮡ
("-蠪")      ᯥ⨢.       ⠪
ਤ ⮬⢮ 㣣୮  ய᪮    砥.
  -  ᠬ  ⪨  த,  ⬥祭 筮  ࡮᪮ ଥ 
䮫쪫  ਨ.   த,  , ࠪ㫠 (筥,  ॠ
⨯),  "  ਪ"  ..   ᢮⢥ 
ᮬ᪨   (⥫)   த⢠,            宫᪮
㤮魮   ᨫ ,   -   ᨫ 樨
(⪫); ஬ ⮣   ਫ,  ᮫⭮ - ⮯業⭮ -
ᥪ㠫.   ⫨砥  ⢮, ⠪  㤮魠 ⮪.
  "⠢  ४"  ⮪,  ""   ⮩  
   "⨦"  騭-㣣஢.      ᥬ,    ࠪਧ
ᮢ襭襥, ⨭ 訥.

 ਬ஬  㦨 "誠 " (饥      .
,  1859  ..)  - ᮫⭮  騩  -㡨 - ன
ਪ᪮ 䮫쪫.       ७    ⢥  ᮧ
ਪ楢     ࠧ  ⥫쭮 :   ⠪  ந室
魠 ଠ  ⢠!  ⮩    楫  㦨    ।⢠  "ᮢ
"  -  㤮⢥ 䨫쬮  ⢮ "" ஢,  
    ࠭  ᮢ  ᪠  ᪨  ᮢ        
"९" ⥬.      稭   ᠬ.  ,  .,
襫  ࠭,     祩 "",    䨫,  ᮧ  
⨢   㯮⮣   ࠭   "६   ஬"  -    "᮪"  
騭-᫥⥫  㡨-樤.  ⠭    ᠬ.

 ࠧ,   ⮣    砥,    祫  -  ⠪  "ᠬ
ᥪ㠫쭮  ⭮",  -   墠뢠 ୥訩  
ᥪ㠫쭮  (  ⮭᪮         ᥪ㠫   ⢨   
묨), ⥬  ,       ᪫⥫
⥫쭮, ࠧ稢,  襩  - ᮧ.

 ⠪ ⬥,    ᢨ⭮,  ࠧ稢 
痢  - ,   ᭮,    த ( ᥫ  200 ,
..  ⠬,    筠 ),       
 稭 ᥬ 廊,   ᯠ ⠪ ᥬ, ࠧ, 
   稬  ᢮ ᫥⢨: ⠥ ਤ ⮬⢮.

⥫쭠  ⮣ ᢨ⭮ ⮬⢠   ,  㦥
㪠뢠,      ⨣   મ   ᨬ⮬⨪   (⥯  ᪮
ࠦ),  筮    樨  祡 .   -
 ,  쬠 ᫥ 㡫 " 㭪⨪",  " ࠭ﬨ", 
ਧ 訧,  "宫쭮"  ..    ஦
室  ᥣ  2-, 3-  4- .

ࢮ       ਤ   ।      ᮡ  䥭  ..
"஧":  ..,  ,  襭  ࣨ 
ᢥ堪⨢.        ᥬ,   ⠪  "㬠襤訥" (
砩襬 ᮦ,   ஢)   ,   ᫨  ०
६, 襥 ⢮ 樠쭮   ⢥ 堮.

      ⥬,      ਤ        ⢥
,   樠 ᢥࣨ筮.    -    ,  
..㬨   ।      "ᨮ୮"   [9].  ᡠ  ᮧ
ᨮਥ ⮭     ⠭   㬠,
    ⠪ ⢮.  ᯮᮡ "  ࠧ" 
᢮ ⪨ ,   ⠪   譠 , 
室    ﭭ   ⢫   -   "⢥   ",
易⥫쭮 "  ".         "ﭭ  "  .㭨:
"        ⮬,  ᪨  㦨  -   ,
檨,  ⠫, , !" ⮪஢  ।⠢⥫  
   ᪨ ⠡  ᯮ. ,  ⭮,  
뭠訢 ,   " " ᯮᮡ ⠨  ⥫쭮  ६,
⥫쭮  ⮢  (⨢   ,  ஢ ).   
⮣,   ⠪   ᥣ      ᢮  譮
.  ਤ    ᮢ    ᥡ  ᮢ⨬.     ࠣ᪨
ᠬࠧ ਢ  ᠬ   ।᪠㥬 ᫥⢨.  
 뫮  ।,   "ᨭ஬ ⮥᪮",   ᪮쭨, 
 㣨 ந    ந,  ࠦ      ⢥
ਤ ,   ।  ᠬ ⮥᪮.

 ,  ࠢ  ࠤ,  㦭  ⬥,        ⠪ 
"  㬠襤"  ਤ  室      ⥫쭠   
⨦        客   祫⢠.   
ᯥ 墠⨫  ᢥ⨫  娠  .  ஧    ᢮  㤥
"쭮    ⥫⢮".        -   "蠭 " -
ਢ    ⥭樨,   " ଠ"   -
 "ࠧ⨧" 㤮⢥ ⢮⢠  .

. ஧  [12]  ⠪   ࠫ   䨪樨 "㯭
⨯"  -  ..  㯥࠭             㣣஢   (
஢,      ᨫ  室  ᢮ 譨,  "",
 ᯮᮡ ⥫쭮 ६  ᯥ譮  ஢  㯥࠭  -  
ࠢ,  ⮫  ⨭ ᢥ妨묭ண⮬).

      ⮬,   譨 䨧᪨ ࠪ⨪ 뢠
 묨,        ⭮ ᠭ.
魮 ࠪ⨪  ࠧ稩  㡦,     
孮,    譥  ,      ।,   
ࠪ.

...    騭,         ᠭ  ,  ।⠢,
ᮡ⢥,   ᥪ㠫 ଠ⨢ "⨬",  ।
稭 த.   , த , ⠥,  ਤ 騭 -
 ⠪   ⮫᪮ - ࠧ    "  ⥫",    
⠪    宫쭮,    ⥬    ,       ⠪ 
ਤ      砨    ᪮  ⠭
⮬⢠,    ந쭠 ᥫ; 筮 ந室 ⠭
魮 ⨯,   ⮣.

 ⮬   騭      ᢮  ࠪ  ⢮    ,
᢮⢥  ⠪    ⠬ - ᨢ ᥪ㠫⠬.  ࠢ쭥
㤥 ,    "  ᪮  騭    㦤".    -
୮    -  ⥫⢮,  筮  ᮫⭮   砥 
㥬 設⢮ 稭,  ࠧ ॡ ᫥ 
  稭:   - ᮢ襭  - ४ 
襢,       - .     ᠬ    ᥡ
筮             ਭ      ,  
᪫祭,  ,  ⮫쪮  ७  ⮢  -  ,     ࠢ,
㡥楢,  १            易⥫쭮 浪
쭮 ࠭:   ᢮ ⮢ ⭮.

[ ਡ.   "",  쭮 騭  諮 -  
᪢ ⥬ ,   ६  ஧ "᭨, ⨫"   ⭮
  쬠 ,   ⥫ .]  ᠬ  
ᥬ ⮬ "୮ "  ,   㪠  
 ॠ쭮,  宦 (  ⮬-  譮!) 饭,  
騭  类    ࠭⥫쭨楩    ࠭⮬ ࠢ⢥.  
      ࠢ୮   ᬥ襭   ࢠ⨧   騭    
㦤    樨    ⭮襭  ࠫ,  樨  -   饬
設⢥ 砥 堭᪮.  ꥪ⨢ ࠤ,   㦭 ⬥,
, ⠪  ,  譨 㭪樨 ᡥ०  ࠭ ࠫ 
 ⢥  騭 ᯮ ﭮ, ࠢ  ⮬.

᫨ 㯮 ᢮  ࠪ   稭  ࠧ      "
"    ⠭  ꥪ⮬  ⮩    樨,  ⨯ ᬥ,
஭樨  ..,    騭   ਧ ⥫묨  ,  
⮣,  -  室묨  ⥫묨,    ⮣,   
宫᪨  ᥢ᭥    ࠧ   ࠢ:   ᪠,
"  騭"    易⥫쭮  "ࢮ"  ..  -
 ࠫ  "ﬨ"  " 稭".

, 筮 ⠪   ⢥  ⨭        室  
⥫㠫  ᯮᮡ  .  ᫨ 祢 㯮 
  稭,     ਧ  ࠪ,  ᫨    -
"ᬮ஧"    "㤨"  騭,     㦥  ᫮⮩ 
⮫  ⮩ "᪮ "    祣  .  (筮,    ⮩
᭨室⥫쭮,  ,        த,  ᫨    
᪮,   ⠪  ࠢ    㭨⥫ ⠪ ⭮襭 
騭  -  אַ,      䥪⨢  .)    ⫨ 
樮 ࠧ   ࠭᭮ ⨢ ,  
"㫨 " ⨢  .  ᫨  ᥪ㠫쭠 ࠪ⨪
⠢ 稭 (ࠢ쭥  ⠪ 砥 㤥  㦥  㯮ॡ  祪:
"稭")    ᠬ  ࠩ  樠쭮,  頥      ଠ⨢
"  ᥪ㠫쭮  㣠",       騭   -      ᥣ   
⥫          ᥪ㠫쭮  䨨,        
⨢,    ᥪ᮫᪮   䨪஢    ࣠
      ⠪         騭.    ⮬      ᮫⭮
ᥪ㠫 (⢥ ଠ!)  稭    몠뢠  ᢮
⥫쭮   ⭮襭      ᢥ頥  ⨢  ᥪ㠫쭮
䨪樨,  ,   " ᥪ㠫쭮    稭    騭
⨬ ".

 "-䥬"  ࠪ  易⥫쭮 浪   ᥬ ᢮
(쭮-⠪  ⥫쭮)  ꥬ    㣣୮    騭,
ᠬ  ᫥  魮  ᪮ ,   ⠪   
᢮⢥ 㣣ࠬ-稭     㣣୮-㧭  ਤ.
騭  㣨          ⮩  ,      ࠧ
襩,  ⥯.  ਤ  騭  ᢮   訧      ⮢
⭮  筮 ⮤      "易⥫"
宫᪨    ᢮  ࠪ,      -    砥  
筮 ᪮ ⮩  ਢ⥫쭮 -  㤠 ॢ 
  宧⢮    ᫮  "",  "ਣ쭮",     ।
"᫠묨  稬  騭" 稭,   "᭮",  
⠫쭮,   , ,  ᯫ稢 祭  祭 쪮.

業 稭,       ਭ   ,  ,
室饣  騭,    ஬ ⥭樠쭮 ᭮,   
"᫠ "  冷 ᭥.   ࠧ -  类 㢥祭, -
 ᮮ⭮襭  ॠ쭮    㤨  "" :   
ࠪ ⨥    쥩    横.    
稭  ⪨ ਬ஢,  뢠  ᪮࡭ 
᪠.

 祬 ᮢᥬ  砩 ⪨ 稭  ६  த  ᪨
ᠤ   騭.      ਬ樮    ⭮襭  騭  ⥭
᫥ 㪢쭮   த    ,    
  ᥣ    ଥ  ᢮ 騭  ⭮.  ࠩ,
। 砩  ⮬ ࠢ   ࠡ:    騭 -  
⢠,    騥      ⮬ 㦤 騥 蠬 ᢮
⥩.  (          ।饭   ࠪ⨪   
"宫᪠  ⥮ ⢨   騭",  ᮧ .஬
[30].)  த   㦥  㤠,  ࠧ  ⮫쪮  ,    
騭      ࠡ᪨  ᮮ⢠    ᫥  ।:    
ᮡ,  -⮦ ꥤ.

[ ਡ.     ,  ᠬ  (-⠪,  ⭮,  
騭) 䠪  ࠢࠢ .  - ७: " 稭
-  -ࠢ 稭,    騭 -    騭".    
祭    祭 ࠢ,    -  ࠧ  - ﭨ 魮
८⨯ "",    ⮬    ⮦  饩  ᢮  ⨭,
ॠ   "ᯠ⥫"  .    祫᪠    -  
ࠧ த⢠,      . 95 /    
஢  ᨢ!    ⮬  祭    騭  ଠ쭮,  ..
魮 ⢥  ⠢  ᥣ    "᪮"  ஢.  
⭮,   ࠢ 襭 祭  ᥬ  騭,
  堬.  ६,   ᬥ⥫쭮    ᥪ㠫⮢.
  ᥪ㠫쭮     ਢ⢮.   ,  ⢨⥫쭮,
।쭮 ⢥.  筮 ᯮ  ""    稭,
⥫쭮  ॡ뢠    ᫮  樨    ᪮ ⢠.   -
⥫ 浪, 騥  ࠫ᪨ ਣ: 稪  
" "  ॢ ,   ⥬,   ᫥  ७
  ᥡ            ⭥.    砩!
ண⥫   ࠢ!  ]  ⮬    ୨ " ࠫ",
ᮣ᭮ ன  騭    宦   ᪨    
,   ᮡ ஧  "ࠫ஢"    
- ᨮ쭮  ᥪ㠫쭮.  ⢨⥫쭮,  騭  ⥭騥  
ᯥ譮   ᪮ ᨥ  㦥 騥 ⠪ 룫 
 稭,   襩 , ⥫쭮.  쭮 砥, 騭,
騥  ⥩,      ࠡ ,     ᯨ⠭ 
  -  ᠬࠧ.        -      㯫     ⥩
㡥⭮ ਮ ( ᮧॢ).  쭥襥 ᯨ⠭ 
⢫ 㦥 ⢮ -  뫮   "᪨  "    ..
"ਬ⨢"  த,  筥  - ⢥ .  ,  筮 ,
 ய ᯮᮡ ਭ      ⢨      
᪨  -     ࠧ㬭 - 祫᪨ ᮮ⢠,   
(   ) ᫨誮 䠭筮  ⮣, ⮡  ॠ쭮.

᫨ 襯ਢ ४          
-  ᯮ,   ⭮  ࡭ ᪮  
騭 ᫥ 㦥 ᯮ୮    筮,  筮  ⠪  ,    
᪠ ( ࠢ⢥) ᭨ 㦥⢠.   
⠪,        祭    稭,    
᪮   ,  ꥪ.       ᮫ 
⮬,   騭 ꥪ⨢  ᨢ  稭!        
⥫쭨栬 ᨬ筮  ஬ᮬ - XX.  ⥫
ਬ஬  ,    來 㦥 , ⠪ 騩  
ᨬ ஬ᮬ .

 ⮬  ॡ 騭  䨧᪨ - ..,  ᮡ⢥ ᪨ -
⢠ 稭,   ।   (ꥪ ᥪ㠫쭮 ।⥭
  ⨢ 業) 㦤  , 筮 ⠪ ,   
客  栬.  ⢨⥫쭮,  - ,  אַ-⠪ -  ᪨
쥧,      :  ᠢ - ࠧ梥  ( ॡ,  诮,
墮 ࠤ㣮!),  ...   㣮५    ⠫      묨
묨  嫠⪠.    ,      ⨢ 砫   
稭,   ⮬ ⠪ 㤮魮 ᬮ      ࠦ⪨  
䥬⪨ -  設⢥ ᢮ ᡨﭪ   ᥪ㠫.

[ ਡ.       ⮩ ᪮ ꥪ⨢ - 祭 
祭        ⠫饥.        ᪮譮-譮⥫,         ⮢,
㤭- ᠢ ⢮ (  ⮫쪮 ᮧ 
-    ⨢!) ᢮ 㦠:  砩襣 砫쭨 - ⮣,
,  ᮣ,  த  㦨箭,    ⮬     - ⫨⥫ 
ᠤ,   猪  ⭮   ᠬ.]  ᪨ ਥ 
業  稭  ᨫ,   ⢠,  । - 䨧,
 - ਠ쭠 ஭        .    
।,  䨪஢       䮫쪫 ᨬ:  祬
ᨢ 騭,  ⥬  ⭮ ⮣,   㤥 ࠢ, 
   殢 ⠪   "拉   墮",  祬 - ᯥ譮, 
뢠,  "  ",    த  稭.  "  ७
    ",  -        ⮩ ᫮,  筥,   த
,  ।  ᪮쪮     ⥪   (⠪   "᪮
订"), ⥬     譨 ࠧ   ⮬,  ᨢ 
-     ।.    稭  ⮣      ⮨    
"⥭⭮" 騭  ⮬ 業筮-᪮ .

[ ਡ.  ,  ⠪     ⮫ 
䨫᪨ ⥣਩ - ᪮  ᪮,  -     ᥪ㠫쭮
᢮  ᭨.  筮  㤥  㪠      ⢮७ 
,  筥,     ,       ⥩訩  
ᮢ뢠    ஢  -᪨  㫨  ⥫ ᪨ 㤨,  
砫  ⠪  ⮫᪨  ࠧ  ᢮  ᥢ騭  -   ᮢ襭
⫨稬      ᮢ६   த,          ᥡ  ⥬
"" (ਧ)  騭.    騢  
騭 -  ⠪  ⥫쭮 ⨥,    ᪨ , 졠
(    裡),       ਥ -   ᪨,
  ᪨ - ᯥ:   騭-஢  ઠ ॢ   
譥 ﭮ ࠪ ⮪  ᪮      ᪢.]  
⭮   ᪮       騭      ६
᪮ ᭨ ᮢ襭 ꥪ⨢    ,      
"楥",   "",   "᪨   㣮",   "㠭",   "
ࠧ"  .., 騥     ࠭祭 ᯥ宬, -
  ,    ,  ।⠢ ᮡ,    ᫨ ⭮襭,
᫨ ৪ 㡫.

஬ ⮣,   ,    ࠢ, 設⢮   - 㣣,
ࠡ뢠   ᮮࠧ ᢮  魮 ୮ 堡 㠫
堦,  ⠭騥    室  ⥬    饯ਭ묨,   
ࠧ      ⢠.  ( ,    騭
"  殢  ৠ楢",   "⫨ ᪫祭",   ⮬ 
- 筮 ᫥,  , ਬ,   ६  ᨨ.)
 ᥬ  㦭    ,      ⠪    ࠧ묨
栬   ⢮᪨    ⢠.  , -
ᮢᥬ ,     ࠤ ᪠     ⢥
०    (        ᥩ    !),         ⠪
"-",        "⢮᪨"        ᥡ
饭묨,     ⮣,    -  १!    
"": ",   , -, 믫, ॣ!"  ᠬ
,  ᪠뢠 ,   ᥡ , , ⪨  ᥤ...
 㤠   ⠪- 㦥 믫?!    ᠬ   ᥡ    
!!  쪮  ⠪    -    ﬨ!  ,     -
,  ᠬ ৪ ᢮ ଠ...

   ⬥祭 ⨪-᪨ ⥣,  㦭 ᪠, 
᭮  (饭)    祭   ᥬ  " " 
饩, ଠ⨢  ⭮襭 , ᮧ  "⬮
⥫쭮"    뢠  稭.  ⢥  ன
⥯    ࠢ  ᨢ   ᥪ㠫⮢   (⮢)
    -  ⥫:  ᥪ㠫쭠      騭 
䠫ᮬ.  -⠪ 騭,     ࠢ:  "  騭"  
!  ਬ⥫쭮,    ,      "४ ",
᫮ -  த 騭,  ⪨,       ᡨﭪ  
ᥪ㠫.

[ ਡ.    裡  ⨬   쬠 ਬ⥫쭮,  
⭮  ⥫⢮.  ,    㦥   㪠뢠,   ࠪਧ
䥬  樠쭮  ࠢ  (    ,      ,   -
-誠).     "":  , , 뢠,
  ⮫ ,  筥,    ᢥᨫ  ᥣ 室  ।.
⮬-   室    襩      ᪠  
(筥,     饭,    ⠪ )
- "   ?",      ⮬    ᥣ    ᪮  室    祭
⥫쭮   ⮫  - " ?".

 ᥬ         ६   樠쭠   ਤ,
饬 ᪮ ⠢饩 ᨩ᪮ ⢠ ( ਬ 
⮬    ⨭ਪ᪨ ࠭,     쭮-⠪
"⮩"  "饣 稭").   १  ᥣ  ⮣  ᮧ
ࠤᠫ쭠 ,    "᪮ 㤮",  ᫥ 砫, 
  -  ⥯      뢮:     㦥⢥묨   -   
ࠤ樮,   ᪮   ।   -        ਧ
⢥    ,    १ॢ訥,  ᬮ      ᭮
(㣮  ⢥⢥),    樠쭮-᪨     ࠢ.
ࠢ,  ᥩ  -  ᫥  ஬稢  ⬥  121-      -  
⨢⢥ "ந" 諨  業.

⢨⥫쭮, ,  ᪮  殢   - "ࠢ " 
ᨨ ࠪ᪨ :  㪢쭮      ⠪  ஬  ࠭!
         뭥      .   ᬮ    
祯業 ࠢ ᢮ ਧ뢮   ,  "ਬਬ"
       ਥ  ᪮ 樮쭮!  ࠢ,  
⮬        ⬥        ᪮   ਧ
⮣ ࠫ ᠭ !    "筮  ", -  
  쭮 (?!)    1991 .

       ⢮    ⢮      ࠧ஧
殢-祪,        筮      訧७,  
欥,  .. ᪨,  ⮬  - ᥣ ᫥騬 ᢮ 
楫. 筮 ⠪    㦥⢥묨 -  ⥭樠쭮 - 
㫨,  ⮢  ⮢,     㯯 
 楯騥  ⮬ ⮫ 㦭 .   ,   ⠪ 訥
""   窨 ᯮᮡ ਧ஢  ᪨ 
訥  㯯,         뫮  ᬥ,  
  樠쭮 宫.

筮 㤥  ᯮ      ⮫  ᫥   뭥   墠
⠬ ᠬ⮢,  ,  ,  - ,  ਬ,  ࠣ 
 ⥯ ⭮ 㤥᪥,     -     ࢮ᪮.
    㯭⠡  ""    த  -   "
५",   ⠫  㪠  ⭮  ॢ᪮  ᢮  (
ࠤ⮢)   ஢   㢥   "ᯫ   ⨢"  -  
९饭 ᨩ᪮ ⢠.

⮬ 騥   ६      ६      襩       ਧ
ࠢ࠭⥫  ࣠   㫨  ࠡ⥫ﬨ ᨫ ᠬ
ࠦ  ("ᥬ  ஬")        稪    ⮫⨪
,   , ࠬ묨, ᫨  ᪠ 묨.   
⮩  ਪ - 㦥 㦥   㡮,    ࠭,    ࠪ᪨  
  ⥫      ।⢠ ॠ쭮 㠫쭮 ,   
 ⥪  ᯨਭ UPSA  ਪ㯨  筮 㫥,  -  
⠬    ⠫ ⨭ 樮 ஥  ,  㤠筮 
䥪⭮ "⬠"  ⠢    "묨" 졠  
  㫨-஢, ⢥⨢   ५  㯮.  
-  ਪ,   ,    魥 ࠭,  ன  ⥫
⥭樠쭮,  宫᪨  ᯮᮡ    ஬,      "訥
죨"  த 訡,   祣 !        ⠪  砥
    ᨢ,  饭  ᨨ?!  ᮡ  મ   
 ᥩ:   ᫮ ᥢ⨨  饭  ࠫ樨
⢠  (ࠢ쭥    -    客  ⫥),   襩
ᯮᠭ 㣮 诠      㯭  ⮢,
        饫  魠  樠쭠 ,   ⢠ 
    ࠢ.  ,  -,    ᥣ    ᠬ
砫 魥 襣 ⢠,    ,  , 㦥 ⨬.
  ⮫  ᬥ  㦥  騬  㦨,  ⠪    ⠡
ᨫ    ,     ࠦ᪮  ( 
,  -   譮),   ன. ࠢ,   
᪫砥 㣮.

     㢥७묨    ⮬,   ᪮ ⢮  ᢮ 饬
設⢥  ਬ    ⥫쭮,         ᪨
ᥢ      1991       﫨,      祢
ᢥ:     ⨬   ⠢묨,  "묨  ﬨ"
    ⠪  ⮥  ,      浪   !  ᢥ
⢥ত ⬥祭    ⨢⢥  ⭮樠쭮
樠쭮 ࠢ ᨨ   䠪,    ⥣஢
    ⨢  ⥫쭮  砫쭨  (  ஢   
஢,    ᥩ    १⮢)   - 䫨  ᯮ
,   ࠢ,    த     ।  ।
"",    .  ᢮,  ,   -    ,
᫥ ᯮ ,  ᭠砫 - ᥣ  ""! , 
᪠  ᪨  稥  ॢ᪮  ᫮ "",   
㣨    ᪠,  䮭᪨  饭,      砩
ࠪ     ᪮  ࠧ୮  몠.      
࡭,  祭,  ᭨ ⢮. "୮,   
⠪     ࠭ ⢮,   .   - ௨
᪮ 祫  ࠭,  ஦⥫쭮,  室 ன  
⭮,  ᮯ殮  ᠬ㭨稦."[17].  筮 ,  
,  ⮡ ᮧ  "-襭",    ⥬    ,    ⠪
⢮  -  ࠢࠢ    ᢮ 樠 ୨,    饬
砥  ,   "⥭  樨  ⮫쪮    ᪮
몥,    ⢥".

 ࠧ    ⠪  浪  䥭  ப ࠭
堨 ᥣ ᪮,  ⢥,  몠⥫⢮ । ,
  ⪮ ࠦ ..  ᪮: "ய砭", (ᥩ - 
㦥 "ਪ砭").  ⢥  ࠢ쭮,  ꥪ⨢ 樥  
⮬ "㭠த "  ,  ன ,   
  祣,    ,    ⮡  몠    ⮬  -    
⨬,   ୮!  ᨨ, , 㦥    , 
᪨  㦥  "ᢥ⨫"    㣮  ⢥.    -      
ਪﭭ  ,     - 襩 ,    ᥡ த,
宫:  줮 ஫᪨,  -䮪 ࠧ,   ⪨  
㤥ﬨ...        ᥬ! 筮 ⠪ ,  ⠪  "奬", 
 祫   ﭥ          
㯮 㯪,  ᮢ襭  ਫ  ⢥,     
ᬥ諨 窨    쥧    ஦  ⭮襭    
㦠.  饬, ୮,   ਧ뢠,  騢- 
᫥: , ਧ뢠  ਧ뢠!    㣨  ""
    ய栬:    樠쭮-᪮ "⭮"
ᨨ  ᯥ祭    ᥣ.  ࠢ,  -    ६  吝   
।᪠㥬  ⥭樠쭮 .   ⠪ ࠧ,  室,   
 "" - ⨭,   ᨨ:     襩    稫
祣  ᠬ⭮  ᮧ ,  ⠪  㤠    ᢮
ᢨ-㪮묨 뫠!  ୮- (   "᭮-" !)
業筮  ᥣ    -  ᫥⢨ 饩 㧭 ᪮
⢠,   ⭮  ⮬ ॡ ᢮⢠ ( 稩  
᪨  -  ⮬  ᢨ⥫!),      ਢ   ᥣ譥 ୮
ࠧ.   ᫥ , ,  ᮦ, ࠢ 뢮.
 ᨨ  ந ਥ 饦⨥,   ᥣ  ⠪ 
㤥  -   "१   ᯥਬ⠫   -"!   ,   
⥫쭠,    ᥬ  ⮬  ⮨    ⮬,    ᪨ த,
,   ⠫⫨ 祫,  - ࠪ筮  蠡譮.
⮬      ,  ᬮ      ᢮ ⥫ ᫮  ᫨,
ண,    ᠭ ᫮.   ⮬         ﭭ
뢠  ᢮       ᮢ묨 㦪-⥫ﬨ,  
ᥬ 祬 騬    ,   ᥣ -  짮 
ᠬ ᥡ. (   ⮬, , 宦, ⢨⥫쭮 " ᨨ   
㧥"!)      稥  ᨨ  祭  
        (ਬ୮            )   ⭮   ᪮
樮᪮,      筮  ࠧ㬭  ࠢ⥫⢠.   
⭮ ࠢ⥫⢠,     ,   ... -  ,
⢥,  ⮯...

    ⠪ ࠢ⥫⢮ 㤥 猪,  㦥 ⮬,  ⠪
  뫮 ,   ᮧ 楤 祭 稢!   ⮬ , 
⮣   ᯮ୮ ᪮ ᭮  [28]:  "஥
樮쭮  㤠⢠    ᨨ  - ⢥  릨 
ᨨ   ਬ 릨  ᥣ ... 樮쭮  
ᯮᮡ      ⥪騥 ஡ ᨨ."] ... ᫥
⠭,            "⮫筮  ४⨥"    ⮬
⥮᪮ 㬮⥫쭮 ⠦ ᮮ㦥, ந⥫⢮ ண
 ⠪ ⮩稢,   筮 ⥬, . ( ॡ
ࠧ⮥  ।, 祣    ꥬ  .)
      "᪮   ⮫"            ࠢ⢥
"࠭⢥".   ⮬,   稭 㯥  騭 (  묨,
⠪   १砩 ᫥묨 魮ਥ஢묨 ᮡ)  
  ,  "㯮 ⠦".  祬, ࠫ쭠 
ࠪ᪨  騭 ᥣ 㯪, ⮩稢,  騭  ᥣ
     ᡨ,       ࠧ 殮   冷
,   稭.

  騭  쬠 쥧  , ⮡ ࠢ  "騥
   ⥫⢠",   ࠢ쭥   㤥       "ࠢ⥫
㬥",  ᭨    .   楫,  ᥬ, 
ᠥ 騭,  室 뢠  ᭮ 㭪 -  த
த 祫᪮  ᯨ⠭ ⥩.   ࠢ쭥  㤥  ,  
 ᮪ ᫮,  -  ।祭 騭.  ⮬  
ਧ  ⮫    (  ࠢ  ⮪   ⥫⢠,
ﬨ)  㪫    ⮣  砩 㤭  ⮫ 室
"".   㣨 ᫮,  "᪨,  宫᪨   ᪨
易⥫⢠ 騭      饬 祫⢠
- ".   ࠭  ⮬   ᪮ ਢ⥫쭮  室
㦥  ਧ  ।   ⥩,   "㤭 ࠧ⨥,  饥 
⢥,  뢠    - 騭",   
, ᥬ  ।.

     稭    ࠢ⢥ ᭨  ࠢ 
,   ⢮  . ࠢ,  ⭮ 奢᪮
᭥ ஫   業:  ,    " 㪠  , ⮡ 
 ६".   ஢  ࠫ  祫⢮     㬥⭮;
,       ᨫ,   㦥 -    饣
ࠧ㬭 ⢠.  ᪨  ᫥      ,
  ᠭ    ᫥ ⥬⨪ ,  - 㦥  
 "ᮡ稢"  祫 ࠧ㬭,   饬 ⠪.  
   ࠧ, ⮡  ࠧ㬭 ⥬,   ⮫᪨,  ᪮᪨.

᫨    ஢   த,    ᪠,     
樮 堭 ⢥ ⡮    ஭  祫
ࠧ㬭.      ⮬,    ᭮  ਭ樯  樨  -   ।
ࠢ ࠧ ᫮ 業ࠬ.   ᨣ쭠
⥬  -  ࠢ 祫᪨ ࣠ 뫮 । .  筮 ⠪
,     ,  ந   쥩 ᨣ쭮 ⥬,
ࠧ㬮:     祫 ࠧ㬭  ( 襬 砥,  㦤)
㤥  ᢮ ⥫쭮 㪮⢮  .     ᥩ  
⥣,       嫥뢠,       㤮ࠦ      祫⢠
ᬥ㡨⢥묨 ""      㦥  ᮢ襭    
룫廊   ਪ 㤮 ⠢,   ᫨  ঠ 
 ᬮ騪  㦥᪮  冷 .

,  稭 ४᭮   (᪮॥  -  ,      
- ⨯ ᢮ࠧ 譮 ᮢ)  ᢮ ᭨,
।஢  ਡ  騭.     ⫨  
  ᢮ -    ᪨ - "ࠫ ⮫",     
"騬  ࠭⢮"  ᥡ   㣨,     ।  -
  騭.  (   ⨢ ⥭ - ᠬ 宫᪨
࡭ 㣣,  ᮢ襭   ᯮᮡ  "ࢠ"    騭,  
⮬  ৪  ࠧ騥    "ॢ襩  ᨨ".    
⭮    ""  ⥭ࠬ  -  ந⥫  "ᮢ  ",
ঠ⥫     ""    ᮧ⥫  ᥢ  "᪮"
த樨 -.)  ⮬    稭    "᫠  ",
⫥    ᯮ짮 騭  ᢮ 楫 -    ࢮ।
  .

 䥭,   楫 宫᪨ ,  쬠 ࠧࠡ⠭  ஢
.   筮   㤥   㯮  ⢥  -  㦥  ⠢
⮬⨩ - ᨪ:  " ७",  "ਤ". 筮 , 
ॠ쭮      ᢨ⢮ 룫廊 ࠧ ,  ਧ  
⮫ ⥫쭮:     ᫥  ᪠  砨  㢮  "
"  ய冷筮  ஭,    "-  "  - 㦮 .  
 ᠭ ᯥ 祭   -   㫥    ,
    "  ".    ᢥ  뭥譨      ᮧ⥫
᪨ 㤮⢥   ந    ᪠,
      ࠢ쭥  㬠 뫮      ⮣ 
  ,      誮   訢,     
⮣  ⮪ ஭᪮,  ५,      - ⮯
 -誥-४ ᠬ ﭨ ⮢-堫.    ⨥  
⮪  㣣஢,   㦥  㯥࠭, 쬠 ⢮
 ⢥ ࣠  ,    ⮬    室  ᪨
ய஢,  ⮬ ᫥ -  ।⢠ ⢠, ...

稢 ᬮ७   "᪮   ",          
ࠢ୮ ⨢  믠            ,  
,            "㬮祭" 㤥 ஢࣭
騬,   㫥묨  묨 ᫥⥫ﬨ  ⠩  ४᭮
   祫⢠.    ,  ᪮砥    室,  
  -ᥪ㠫쭮 ᫠⭮ 㪠 ᫥  
८ 祩 ᨫ 祭  ...

                           

 ,    ᫨  ९ᨨ  ,     㯫
樠.  ,  ९ᨨ    ,    ⥯  ।⢮,  
室,   樠᪮ ந⥫⢠. (.㣠袨)

  । ६ 쨬,     ࠣ   ࠭
 ࠧ㬮 祫. (.ᮭ)


 襥  "祫稢 "   ᢮ "㬬" १ - 
᫮   ⢥   ᮧ         㬠:   ⠭
⨢ 㬠, 筥,  ᠬ 砫   ⠪.

 ਢ      ⮬,          ⥫쭠    ᮢ६
㯥࠭  (樠쭮,   ᫮) 㯠   
 ࠢ:  ⠪ " ⢨   쥩 ".  ( 
   ⬥,      㯥࠭,  㯠  类  
஭ "",  ᥣ 祭 䥪⭠  ਢ⥫쭠  㧭 :
    ந! ⠪,  ,  ...) 㣣 
⥯  㦤  楬୮  ப  ⢮    .  (   
訥 筮 砥 த,  ,   ᮦ,    ᥣ:
筮   ᯮ   ᥭத   "஬"     樭.)    
ந⥪ ଠ ⪨  ஭     ⮫
"㤮ਬ"      樠  ।,   筮 ⨣ ⥬
㯮ॡ    । ᯮᮡ -     
.  ⠭ ,  ᪮ । ண  
ᮧ   ᢮   [14]         ஭,   ..   
६,        ꥬ,    - ᫠騩 ண,
 ९饭    ࠬ 樠쭮 ਥ ,
  ண  -    室      "᢮",   
ࠢ  ᢮ ᨢ  ६.    ᫨      뫮  
ᮯ⨢,       ⮫ ⥫   ண:  
   ᢮?!     㪠 ᨫ    . ࠢ,  
   ᥡ - 㪫 ࠢ । ⢥  - 
⮬,   ⮫쪮  ⮬,   砥 ﭨ     ண,    㦭
⬥,      쬠  ⭮  .   諮   
ࠢ    ᮡ⢥  ⮪              
ॡ.

 ⮬  ⥪ ᭮,   宦 ਥ   -  㦥 
  ஭,  ,  ᪮॥    ࠢ쭥,   -   ⠢!   ⢨⥫쭮:
  ⨫  㪮⢠  㬥⥭   襭 ᫮  -
 筠 ⨭  樠쭮  宫.        ᮧ
騩  ࠤ:    ࠢ  ⢮     ⭥ 
,     ६  ࠢ⥫⢠,  襩  襩 ⥯, 
ᥣ ,      砨,   ᯨ 쭮 
祣     饣   ࠢ⥫-ਮ⪨   -""   (⭮
誨 , ਬ)  "⥭" 㤮 - "㪫".

祢,    "᪠" ૠ᪠ ⨩
⥬  ᫥    "ᨦ",  த    ᯥ稢
ᠬ頥 ⢠  ந  ,     - ᥣ
  ᠤ,    ॠ쭮  ࠢ  ⢫          "⥭
㪫",  ।⠢騥  䨭ᮢ  客   ⨪,  ய,
-, 㪥, ઢ...

  ᮮ⢥⢨ ⥭ ਥ  ,   ⥩
  ६    ⢮  ,    । ⢮  
믮 ,  ᮡ⢥,  -   ॡ,    
,   室饩        ᪫祭  ᪨  ०.  
ࠧ蠥  ⨢稥 ⠪ ࠧ,    ,    
ᨫ  ᢮    ⠭,   ⮣ 
 ᠬ - 騥 । ⢮,   ᫥⥫쭮,   ।      -
,    ⠢  ,    ਭ騥    ⮣   㦥 :  
,     ᠬ. 쪮  뫮  ᫠  
,      ਩,  뤭  ᥬ ஢,
  ⮬   "᪠    ⠢  ᢮    
᭨ ᢮" (" ਡ")!  - "  ᥡ"
⭮襭  ⢥    ਢ,      ਢ  ࠭,      
ਣ㤠⢥  䫨⠬    ९.    ⨪ - 
騥 㯥࠭  㣣 - ⭮ ᪠  ⢨  堭
९ᨩ  ⮭ ᪨ .    ᭮ 
 ᨮ (஧) ਤ   "᮪ ⨪".  
ࠧ,    "  - த ⨪ 묨 ।⢠",   ᪮쪮
:  ⨪  -    ࠭⥫    ,  ६      ६
ࠧ㢠騥  .

   ,    ,  ࠧ१  ࠤ樮 㬠,  
㦭   ਧ,   ꥪ⨢ 窨 ७   ࠤ
ᬥ  ਥ,      ᮡ  -  "㯭":  ࠭,  ᯮ⮢,
㣭⥫.  筮 ⠪ ,   ࠤ      ⠨    
 㡨 ⨣ࠫ ﭥ - ⥫  ॢ.

, 㡨⢠, ᫥ ᨫ -   ⠦ 㤮魮 
⭮襭        १⮬   㤮ࠦ   
ᨢ  ਥ樨  祫 묨 ,  騬 
⮣ ᮬ᪮ ᫠.    ⢨⥫쭮  "㯮  
",     મ ࠦ "⢮ ࠡ",  থ
 ᨫ쭮  ⥯  "ﭥ  ஢".        㪢  
⭮ 㬨,   ண     ﭨ :  
 ⢥   ( ⫨稥  㧭 ,    
 ⠭ "      䥪 ﭨ,   
   -  ⢥,      ⮬      ᠬ묨  ન
묨   ᯮﬨ  -      宦    ,    ᫨  
ய冷筮 ᥬﭨ 諮      砩  "-ﭮ  "
뢠   "⨧筮" थ! ).

     묨  "⮯த묨"  ⮬  樠஢
䠣,  .  ⢥,     ४⨫  ⮣  ᢮
,      "᫥ ࠢ" ,  ஢  ᫮
樠 ᫮.  , ⢨⥫쭮,  ଠ ᯫ樨 祫
-      ।஢   ࠡ⢮,  ஥,    ᢮  ।,  ⮦  
"᫠",  祭 ࠪ⨪ 㡨⢠    .    
᫨  ᬮ  ࠢ    ,     ਧ,    
樢   ᢮ ந宦,   ᢮ ,  뫠 ०, ⠪
  த  ⠢  樢樥 ᪮.   "⮩ "
  ⮬  ⥯ ᠬ , ᥬ , "" -
᭮ 騩   ⠫쭮  祫⢠.

 ᮢ६    ⠪,   " ᤥ ᢮ "  
 ⥯ .      襭    㤥ন
祫   ࠧ㬭     ﭨ  塞  ਤમ⮣  㤮,
饣  ⨧   㤪.

 ⠭  ⨬ ""  ॠ 室     業,
筥,  ࠭    樠쭮 ०,  ஬.    
।  樠  ४樨,   ।ᬠਢ騥   ࠭   
ࠢ  ⢮      "",    ⮬  ᫥  -    
⨪.   祫⢮ ﭭ,          ᢮
㤭,  ⮬ ᫥ ਧ뢠   ࠧ㬭  
  ᯠ⥫ 楯. ᪨  -० ࠢ 
뢠騬  ᮮ⢠ -  " 㭣" ..  
   ।⨥ ᮡ  訥 ६ 祫᪨
"ࠢ騩  ",  ᬮ    稥 㦥 ⥫쭮 ᫠
,  ᮧ  ᭮  뭥譥  樨    .      ᮦ,
祫⢮ "襭  ⢠,   த ⠢ ࠦ묨 
...,   ⠪ ࠧ, 祫⢮  ,   ᦠ⨨
  㯠     ⠪" [2].   "娬᪠" ᮥ
 ७   न쭮,   த 祫᪮
ᥬ⢠ -   "᪮ ᢮".

   ᢮  ਧ뢮  "  ࠣ ᢮" ।ਭ ,
  ᫥,   (    ?!  -   ⮣  
ᢥ⢥ 㭤 ⨠⢠!) 筮 ਬ७ , 
  ⥪     ⪠  魮 . ,
   ⭮,   쭠  "楯୮"  ⮩  㭨ᠫ쭮  ਭ
ꥤ    稫  ᯠ७  ஢   ᥯饬,   
ࠧ,    ⨠᪨ 㤠    ᨩ:  ⨭
魮-祫᪨    ਠ⮬    㬥     (ꥤ     ઢ).
"ᢥ"        ࠧ 룫廊 祭 宦 
࠭  "祡  ⠩"          室    
"ࣨ᪮  ⥫⢠",    ஧   쥧 
饭 ﭨ 祫⢠   ⨠⢥    祬  筮,
  ।०   ⠫쭮 室 ().

 ,   "祭" 祫⢠  ந諮,  ⮬  ࠧ 
"祢⥫" ,    । ᬥ   - ⮣, ⨭,
த!!   ,    ࠢ,      ,     ப⨥ 
祫᪨ 몠,  ஥     諮  ⮬ "饬
ᢨ",          (!!) ,  㦥 ⫨筮   ᮡ⢥
,  " ⠪    ⠪ ",   ⥬     த
㡨   㣠?!!  ⮡  ᥬ  ⮬  㬥 ""  
ᮧ ਥ -,  ,     -     㤮
  ᨫ!             ⥫ ⢥ত
न쭮,   த 祫⢠?!     ।
           祫᪮  ࠧ㬠,    
-   㣮   ந宦   -   ⭮,   ᯥନ᪮,
ᥪᬨ᪮,      १ 室 ⢠ 饣
ᮧ   ⢮  ..   ..,        ᤥ
祢訩  訩 뢮:   㡨 !  㡨    ⠪
砥   㣠   ࠩ 樨,  , 
⮬ ,  㤮魮  ࠣ᪮.

     ⠬    뫮,    ⪠ ꥤ  ᪮  
 訫 ᫥묨  ᪨    (  ⢥  
  ,  "  - "!) ᥬ୮ ᬥ㡨⢠,   
⠭    拉  ⮯࠭  ,  ࠭஢  
㭨⮦.  ᪮॥ ᥣ  "襪"  ⠭   "
९⢨",    ⮬     ६ ஬ - ᪮७쪮 
   ୮ 樢樨 "㣨 ⥬": ᪨.

⮬ ᫨    ᯠᥭ      襥  ६  祣    㤥
।ਭ,   饥 ᢮ 祫⢮    譮  業  -
᪮॥ ᥣ,  ⥬  設⢠.   祭  祭 宦  ,
 ᫨ 祫⢮    ᠬ  砩訥  ப  (㪢쭮  ᥩ!)  
ࠧ㬨  (  ⭮  ⮣ ⮦!),     㤥  ࠧ
"ᮩ  㬠"    㦠:   "஢ ᯨ⠭"  ᥡ ⨭
㬠    뭥譥 "宣" ࠧ㬨,  ⠢襣 ⥯ ᬥ⥫쭮
 ᢮ ࠭祭.

   ஬ ᨥ   砫,      㤥  (᫨  㤥!)  㦥  
ᮧ  ᢮  ⭮    ᥩ ᥫ ,  ᫥⥫쭮,  ᢮
⢥⢥ । .     ⮣  ᮧ    ॡ  ⮫
ࠩ ।⢮:  ⢨  ࠤ.   室 室
 ⮣, ⮡ ᥬ, , ⠫ ,   祬  ⮬ "४᭥襬
 ஢,  ஬ ,   ,  -  襬!".

   ࠤᠫ쭠  ᥭ⥭  筮 ࠦ   ⮣
⮤ ᯨ⠭,  孨 ஭ ண  ࠧ   ନ,
  ਡ   ᮢ६ ஢ ࠧ㬭 ,   "⪭
祫⢮  म        쬮"  -  ᪮,   拉୮   
ம ⥭樨.  ,  , 쬠 ᬠ娢    
 ,  ᪮஥ 祭 ⪨   祫⢮ ⮫ ﭮ
ᥡ ᯥ稢...

...        ⠪   譮?     " ॢﬨ 
 "? ⠥    "᪨ 鮡"...

 - ᫥ -⢥ ᪮筮 饩  ਬ⥫쭮 
"譨  ᫮   ⥫⢠" ।쭮 饩 ⪨,
㥬 "९஬". ६ 樮 ( ⭮, ⠪ 뭥
 ,   .   [8], .  [27]  .)  ࠧ⨥
  ९  㬠   ,  ⮬᪨  ᮬ
ᠬ࣠樨    ਨ,    ᠬ  ९  - 訬 ᮢ襭
砩.   饭祭⢮ 㤭 業 ,   죠ਧ 
䠭   ᠬ        祫⢠  ஡;      ᢮
ᯮ魮 ⪠  ஭    ᫮!    
६,    ஭    ⥫  .    ᮫⭮ 筮 ᫨
⭮  ⠪  ᠬந饩  ஬  (⮣
ᠬ  ९)  ࢨ筮 "࣠᪮ 쮭".   ⭮
⥫쪠   ⥫  ࠢ  ⭮  ⠪  ᮡ,    ᫨    
१  ࠣ,  ஭襣    ୮  ᢠ,  ᠬᮡࠫ 
⮢   -757.   ਪ,  䨫  宫 ..譥
,  㤮   祫  ४ 樨, ࠧ
 ᫮,   ⮬  ᮢ襭 㭨 ⥬.  ࠧ, 
㢥७         ⢮     ࠧ⨨    ਨ  
樮 ( ,  樮!) 堭 த.

㭪樮쭮      ࠫ쭮     ,           ⠪,      
-ᥡ-ᠬ-ᠬ         (஦,         )         
ᥡ-ᠬ-ᠬ㭨⮦ (ᬥ,  ⨫).   ࠧ    
⥬ ᪨ 楯, ⥬ ᪮   ࣠.
㤮 ⠪   १ ᠬ㭨⮦  Troglodytes   楫
-⠪  ঠ    ⮣    ,  ..    ᠬ࠭.
ந諮   "⪮ 몠"   ⪮ ᪨  楯.
  ᠬ     - 祫᪮ - ⪥ ⮩ ⥬ 
᫥饥: ᪨ 㭤  ( ᥩ ᫮  ࣠樨
    ⥫쭮,    祭              )   
⨢⢥- 㭤 㤪.  㣨 ᫮, ⭠
  ᪮  ⨫樨  ᮮ⢥  ⢮    
;    ⥬ ⪮⮣ ᪮ ᨫ  
ᥬ⢠   ᠬ       ਢ      㤪  
祫⢠.

 諮  ﬨ    ..  "樠쭮"  (⨭,      
樠쭮) - 筮 ⠪ ,     ⢥ ᥪ.   ᮡ
訢  ।  ᯮᮡ  ந宦  㤪,     
⠬䮧  (ய䮧).   樠묨 (⢥묨) ᥪ묨 
祫⢠      砩    襥   室⢮.   
ᥪ      祫   ᢮ 㤮魮 ࣠樨 
⠢ 襥 ᫮ ᪮࡭      ࠫ.  '
,    뭥譥    祫⢠,  宦     ९ -
뢠  譮    ᭮  -  ।     ⠤   
⠬䮧:   ।⢥   ࢠ  "  ᥭ楩    窮".
᪨    ⠪ ᮯ⠢  樨    ⠤
    "㧥  祫" - ⮩,  ⮫쪮 ᥪ 饩,  뢭
ମ ࠧ.

ࠢ  ।    㤮,    ᮢᥬ    
祭  뫮  ⮬  ᮬ:  ଥ  ࠭ ꥤ
 "⠩ 饭 ⥭"  (ࠢ쨭  ᨪ)  -  諨  ࠤ
᪨   몠   饭    ࠢﬨ.          ६,  ᠬ  ࠢ
ଥ⨢  ନ஢.    ⢥  ᥪ  諠  
᢮   㯨  ।,  ⠭      ⮬    
䨪஢ 㤮筮 㬮: ஥, ନ⭨, ࠢ.

室  ⮣ 㯨   ᮧ ࠧ ⮭ 㤮
: ࠭ 祫⢠,   "ᥢ ६" "ᯮ襣"
 樠쭮.  㠫 㤮      ஢  
ࠢ    ନ஢묨 ࠢﬨ  祫.   ࠧ,  
,  㤠⢥ ࠧ, ஢ ꥤ 
  樠묨 ࣠.     ६,   ࠢ  ன
࣠  ࠧ    ᮪    ࠢ      "ࠦ"   -
⤥묨  ࠢﬨ    祫,        樠  ࣠  -
㤠⢠ -    ⥫㠫쭮 ॢ室饣 ஢ 
㬠.

 饥   ६   設⢮  㤠,  ᬠਢ    ⢥
樠쭮宫᪨  ,  "ᨭ",  㭪樮     
஢  ᯠ,        ७.   ਭ樯,  ஢
㤠⢥,    ண  㤮筮      殢    
    ஢  ࠦ,        ᫮...  ६
  ⠣樨     ࠤ樨   童   ⠪   ᮪࣠,
ॣ஢  ६ ᮮ.  ⢥,   ⮬ 
諨  㯯 ⢠,  ⠬ 뫨 㬡 樢樨 ਪ,
㤠  ﬨ ࠢ  ଥ "樠".

   ᮮ⢠  .  ॢ [13] ᮢ襭 ࠢ୮  
樠᪨,   祣  "筮"  (אַ    ⠫!)  뢮  类
⭮  騥  樠  ⮪   筮,   
,  "室,    ⥯", .     
⮬,      "㭨ନ᪨"  ॡ    ࠦ 樠
("樠᪨" -   ॢ)    த⮢    
ࠪ஬      "㤠⢥   ந⥫⢠",  ⮤  
"ࠡ",  ⭮ ࠭  訥  客    ஢
"祫᪨   ௨祩".     ப⮢  "孮"    ᫥⢨
ࠢ⢥   "஥"   ᠬ        :    
譥襣   (   ᢮  ᫥⢨      )  
業    ஢.

 蠫 ⮬ "ந⥫",  ࣠ , 筮 "⪮
몠"   ⮩   㦥  ᪫뢠饩  ⥬,  ࠧ  饩
᪮  ᢮   樠쭮,          ᯮ
த      "ண     ".    ⮬  樠쭮
"ᯮ⢨"    (  ᨫ  )  ᮢ襭  ⢥,    
  ꥬ  ਡ⮬ "᮪࣠" ⢥ ,
筮 ⠪ ,        ନ⮢    ࠢ쥢  (᮫ࠢ  ~  
ਥ),                ,      "⨭
樠쭮",   ⠪ - "ᯮ  ஢",   ன,  ࠢ,
ᠬ⥫쭮 ⤥쭮 筮    .

  ७  譠 ࠢ   㦤 
  "஢⥫쭮",  "ᠭ୮"      "᪮"  짥   
室      䨧᪮    客 ஢ 権 -  
᫥⢨  ⣮᪨ אַ  祫⢠  樠쭮.  
  ਬ୮ 祭   ᥭ 襭 ਪ ( 譨 )
 ᥢ த, ।騥   ᥭ ﬨ ⭥ 
쥢 ࠡ稬 祫.

⥫ (      ,      )  த  ⮣
筮  "⪮  몠"  -     .         稫
樠쭮,       -  㤠⢥,      饭
魮,   த  ஢࣠.  㤠⢮  ᮫⭮  㦥த
த  祫  ࠧ㬭.    饬  (᫨    ⮨   )
㤠      ,           ࠢ⥫
뭥譥  ⨯  (=    ,  "㪮"  ࠧ㬭묨 ⢠),  
⨢ 砥      ⨣  .    㤠⢮    
⮬:   - ,   -  !   ਭ樯,    ᢮⢮
樠஢, "窮", "᪠".  ,  ⥭
 ࠭   , 类 "" :  ࠫ,
騥 ⠫,  ⠫,    ..   ᮧ 㦥
  ஢  樠쭮,    ᮪,  ⨣  ᨬ㬠 ᫮
樠   樠 ᥪ    ᮮ  
.

⢮ ,   " 让" 㤮  ,   饩 ᯮᮡ
ᮧ   ᮪  ஢  樠쭮  -  ,  
樠.     - 뫮!   ,  "  㪮⢮" 
,  祫⢮  頫  த      
   ⮫᪨  樠  ⥬.  ॢ    ᮢ६  ᯮ⨨,
⠫  ०  -      (  ⠪      譮!)   
樠 ᠬ࣠権 ⢥ ᥪ.   ..  ࠫ,
᪨,  "᢮" 㤠⢥ ன⢠ ࠭  -  
ﬠ  "쪠"    ⠩  ਭ  ஥   ਭ樯 "
㭣".

稭, ᫥  ॢ  뭥  ᬥ  ઠ⨫묨
७묨  䨭ᮢ묨  ⢠:   뭪 ,  ,  襢 ࠡ
ᨫ,  -  讬  ,  ⮫    ᫥묨.  ᫨  祫⢮
ᮡࠥ  릨,        易  㤥  ३   ࠧ㬭
࣠     樠쭮      ⢮:            ਭ
"᢮-뭮筮থ"     娨        ࠢ    -        ।쭮
ॣ஢ ࠢ쨭 㯮冷稢.

  ⮬ ᫥ ।⠥ 客    魮  ⮩
樠쭮:     ᪮,  ᥪ㠫쭮 ॡ⢮, ய
ᨫ,   ࠢ⢥         㤮⢨ﬨ,    ᥯騩
ࠣ⨧, ⢨ , 䠭 客  ५ 業⥩ -
      ᫥   ४        ਬ    㯥࠭    
㣣஢-䨫.  ⢮  쪨   業. 
 ᮫⭮  㯫 䠧 饭,    ᢮  ६  
:  " ⮫  ⭨",  ⠪ 㥬   魮
ਥ஢ .  ࠫ쭮  㯫  મ⨪  -  㦥  
⠢    樨 મ - ࢠ ⮬ "ୠ" 窠.
  " "    樨.

 ⮬  ࠪ   ᨫ⢥ 訥  뭥 祧騥  
騥  "樠᪨"  ०       ⥬
㤥ঠ    ⨩  ਪ⨥ ஢ন  㬠
㭣  (⢥,  ).  ⨭  樠 -   
饣,   魮 樠쭮 ।  ,    "⥯祭",
ॡ  ᥡ   ࠡ⭨-ࠢ楢,   ᥩ 
  譨 樨,  ⨯ "袥᪮ ",      
 ⮣,    ਤ  ⥬  "஢".

 ⭮ ,    ६   ᮢ᪨ , ﭭ
ࠬ "⢥ 饯"  ,  ࠪ   ९  뭥
묨   ﬨ   (쭮-        묠騬    ᬥ
ঠ襣 訫   ),   ,   訩  ᮫⭮
 ⨢.     ,   ⠪   "१ 㣮"
 祫᪮      ,       
  ᮢ襭  묨,   ⥯ 室 㯫  ᠬ
砫  :        ⠯   ࢮ砫쭮   ⠫᪮
,    ࢠ᪮   ᪨   த   ﭨ   묨
.    ⠪  㤮,    "㦮   "   ᨫ   ᮢ襭
⮫  ମ  ""  (   堬 ᨨ!),  ய 
஥    樮 室,  뭥᫨  ⪮ 뢠
 ᥢ樠,  ⥯ -  ⥡:  ᭠砫 ! ᯥ  ⢮
⮣  ᠬ "ॠ쭮  樠"    ஫    ﬨ,
易⥫  롮୮  ᭨ ,  ।⠢⥫⢮  쥢 
,  ᬥ塞,  ⨪  ஭ ⢥,   
樠쭠  ⥬    ᯮᮡ.      䥪⨢
᪨ (  !),          㣨  २;
     ᠫ  ,   ࠧ   ᥭ ᫠
 ᮢ   ४म  ! 樠 -  ࠢ, ..
 ⢮  ࠢ, ࠢ !  ⮬  ᯥ譮 㭪樮஢
⨭ 樠᪮ ⥬ 室  "ᥣ  "  稥  
"⭮   "   (   ⭮      祪).  ᫨    ஥
ᠬ஫饣   堭,         ⢫   ﭭ
䨫᪨ ᬮ  쥢 ⥬.

 ⠪  ஫  ⢮      ᬮ騪  - "室
稪" -  ஥ "᫥᪮"  ⢠  .  ⥫.    
㭪樨  뫨      "ࠦ"    "쭮  㤠⢥" ⮭.   祬
 ᫥  ਢ,  "" த஢ -.
    ᪠,      ⥬  ஫   ⮫쪮  
⢥,    㦥    諠  ᯥ譮  ஡஢.  ࠢ,  
묨  "⥫묨 প":    㦡 ঠ
浪  ६ 堬.

   ⢨⥫쭮  ⠢     -  
⠬    "㡥",  "ਤ"      "  ஢"!  쭮
⢨    "  栬 ।",   ⮬  
ᨫ  ⢥   ࠢ  ஫  .  ⭮,
  "祭  㤭  ࠧࠡ  ⮤   樠쭮   ⡮,   
।頫   室    ৠ楢" [31].     
樠 ,  ⮩稢   ᠬ饭    "宦    "
殢,   㦥  ⠫쭮  ࠧࠡ⠭  ᯥ樠⠬        ᢮
ࠪ᪮ 饭  .

   ࠧ     ⥫쭮  樠,    襩
,  ४:  祢,    நࠫ   樠   "࠭
樠" ( ⠪,  樠᪮ ⢠   뫮
   ਨ!),      ᥬ⭮     ﭭ  "먣뢠    騬
२⢮"  ⨨ ࠢ⥫   ᫥  ࠯
  ᢮  ᢮ࠬ.     "⥫"  樠  ⭮襭 
,    ᪫祭  ⮣,         㢥७         
"騪".

[ ਡ.  筮   ..  - [16]. "-
᢮ 筮  ⮫ ᬥ ⮢   ᤥ    㣮,
    ,      ⠫ਧ...  ⮬  ᯠ  ,
ᮢ६ 樢  ⮫쪮 樠.   樠 祫
஧ 客 ஦ ,  ,  䨧᪮ ॡ..." 
 筨,     ᯠ  ⨨,    
ਤ㬠  ⥧,    类 "襥  ".     
樠  "⨨" -   樠  ⭮,  ᪮,  
魮,  ࠢ   ᢮ 㦥.] ....  
  㤪,         ᭮.    -    ,  
ਢ      ⢨   "客  㤪"    ।  "᪮
" ᮧ.  ,    祬  祫  㬠,        ⨭
魮.      ஢,   ,    
㣣,     㯭묨  묨 楫ﬨ.  
  ⭮  祫,      -  :  ,
મ⨪,   "ᬥ ": ᮩ  㬠    ᮡ.

㤮   ᭮ ﭭ ᠦ ⨭ ᠬ࠭, 
१   ⥭   ᯮᮡ   ᫥   ।饭  ⥫
ࠤ  ᬥ⥫쭮 ஧.    ⠥  碥  㦥  襢,
᫥ ᪨ ࠤ ᠬ ᮪ ஢  , 맢
 ⢠ 樠쭮  ࠢ    ,  ⥭樠쭮
⮢     ࠧ:  ..  筮  ᮪⥫㠫쭮  㧭
祫,   ⢥ ᨢ ⥫ 㤪.

  ᢮ ⨭     ࠩ  ,  ⠪      
⨠⢮.    ⠪      -  㣭⠥
 ⢠.  ⫨稥     ⮬,   㬠     "
ࠢ"    ⢥,    ६  樠쭠 ५,    
㦥 (!!) 묨 , ந ᢮  ࠬ, 祣 
ࠧ    ॡ .  (   ,  筮 , 
   ⮥  ࠭⢮  ⮢  ,    -  ⭮  
樠쭮 "࣠ ५".)  ࠧ 㤭 
㣭⠥  ⢠,    砫 ᢮ ࠧ    ᨫ.
    筮  ॡ    ९饭   
稭 ᢮ 쭮 ⢮,   ६    ६  
㤠    樠쭮       -      魮⠩,   ⠫᪮
㤠⢥ - ⥯ 㣠.

 ,   ᮧ "  ",   ⨢  業
䠪 ⢮ ᨫ  ,    ,   ୠ⨢
"祫᪮ "  ⠭ (..  १ 㭨⮦)  
      㦮  ⮪:  ந⢮ 㦤 뢮 
楧७  㭪樮஢  ⥬  ᪨   楯,   ᪮
   . 騪-ண⠬,  , 뫠 㣮⮢
஫ ⥫,   믠  ⮩ ⥬;    魨,  뫨
"  祬"  ⮬ ஢ "ࠧ ", ᮡ  " "
 ⢥ ⮫  魨.

,   ⠪ 砥 祫    ⠪ "㬭",   魮
ਠ  ⠭,     㤮筠 ⥫쭮  ਫ  
⠪ ⥯.   ⠫  ⮣  "᪨",       ,
  ᮮ⭮襭      ᥩ:  ""  -       
"箪" (    ᯮ , ᪨ த?!).  㥬
   室     魮    猪  맮  ᪭  ⮣
"⭮  ४᭮" ᬥ㡨⢠.    ६    뫮  
  ⮣   (஥  ᮢ襭  ⥬,  
ன       ⠢    ᢮  㦥    -
ॢ    㡮 ७  ⢥ :  " 
   ,   㤥  㣮")    "宦",  
襭 : ,  ୮,   ⮣ - ࠧ.

 ᮧ 㦮 ⮪  ந諮 (  ᢮- !),   ⠪
ࠧ,      筨,   ⢠ ண
,     -  ࠪ 樨!   ⮬   ॢ,
 㦥 ࠢ ண...  ,  ᮢᥬ  ,
  ᮢ襭  묨  "᪨"  ਥ  ⮤,     
த  ᥡ ᪫⥫쭮 ⮫ "祭".  ࠢ, ᫨
 - ⥫⢮  祫᪨   "襣 ᮢ",
 ᭮,    祫  ࠪ,   ⠫   ,  ୮, ⠪
.

    祫⢮  ,  -,      ᥡ    
"",      ஭  襭  "  ⢮७"  -
ᮧ    ࠧ      祭  ᨢ ⮩ ࢭ ,
㦥  .      ஢    㬪,  ⢮
㣣஢      ᮬ:        ⢨
ᠬ筮,  ⠪  ୠ   易.    ⨯筮
  ᪮窨,  襣  "  裡    裡",    ⥯ 뤭
騢饣  ᮡ⢥ த⥫, 稭襣  ᥡ "த
⮪"   ᪨ ୮ ࠫ줨.

ਧ ᥡ ⥬,    ᠬ  , 祫, ⭮ ,
ᬮ  த ᢮  㦥 ࠧ ᢮  㢥७,  
    ᮬ⥫        ᭮  -  
ਥ஢  뢠饬  ᫥ .  쪮  ⠪ ।쭮
⭮  樨   ⠭   ⢨⥫ 室
  ᮪ ஢ ,  "⮩  ண    
"...

                                 

 ᢥ   ᮢ    ᭮  ᢮    楯樨  ⢮
न,  ࠧ稩  祫᪮ ᥬ⢥ ᮢ襭 -,
  ⫨  ᭮,    ᭮  樮,  ਨ,
宫, ५  .. ᫨     ஢, ,  ࠩ ,
-          ।  ,    ⠢  
    .

᫨ ᯮ짮  ⥪⮬ "  -  ",    ⠭
᭮,          ᮮ⢥       
 ਪ㯠.  " "   쬠 ⢥ 
쭥襩      祫⢠,  ᫨  ⢨⥫쭮  㤠  ""
㡮.   ⠪       ।騩      
       ࠪ,      ᯮᮡ騩    ⨢
,   ஬ ⮣   룮 㯥࠭  㣣ࠬ  (
ᨫ        㪠    "⮢" - ᨫ ),   ⢥
 ६ ⠢   ᥣ  諮:  "  ਪ,
   ᮤঠ騩   ३".   ⮩  楫,    ⭮,  㦠      
᫥ ᮢ६  樠  ⥮ਨ    ४樨,    
 ய  室,  ࠧ  쬨 
⢥묨.

  ,  ⠪   .    , -  㫨, 
࠭ᯮ,   "⢥ ", -  쭮  뤥 ।
      ᠬ    "  楢",    ।⠢⥫
祫᪮    ᥬ⢠:   㯥࠭   (ᢥ妨,   )   
㣣஢  (ᥢ,  ⭥),    ࠧ        ⮬
"न쭮"  ਧ  ("--ᥢ")      ,  
砫쭮,  ஦   ᥡ    ⢠,  - 
ᥡ  ⮬,     㤠, -  砥 筮 
।.

 ࠧ   饭   ᮡ⢥ ⥮:   , 
⠪   ⢨⥫쭮: 祫⢮-    .
뢠 - 襢 祭,  饭 ⮣,      ⢮
ய᪠   ⥮   -         ,       
ਫ 쥧,  ᥨ᪨ 㬠 ,    祫⢮ -
,   筮  ,    ᪨  ,      ਬ୮  ,
஦  ࠧ  ⮦,      騥  ⫨     
। ।,  ᯨ⠭,  ⢨ ⢠,    
ࠧ  ⥬ࠬ,   ⥫  -    -    ந室  
᪨  ⪫  ᪮     .
筮,   த,  , ⠭, ...

  ,  쭮 ᯮ    ᪮砥      ᥪ㭤  ।
ᨫ    ,    ஢  ,  ।⠢  ᥡ  
 㤮    ६    த,    ஢    祫᪮
,  ⠪   室 ਧ, ,  ᮦ,  ⠪ 
.   ⠪ 譮     ⮬ "४᭥襬  ஢".  
  ⥫  ,  ⮡      ஢  樨,  ࠤ 魮
 祫⢠,  -   !  -  ࠢ,  謠
᭮, ...    - ⮦ ""...

         "" 쬠 ॠ,   ᭮⥫쭮  
᪮쪮 㡦.  ,   譨 ન  ࠧ ,  ,
    ࠧ   ,   ⠪  浪,  
ᮬ "祢" 業筮:  㤨⥫쭮,  ,  , 
ࠢ 㤮   ᮬ  ⮫ "஢ন 䠪",  
頥  .      楧  㦥
!...  ॡ ஥ ⢥,  ᪮ ஥, 㦭 "
㬥" ⠭   ⠢  ᢮ 㦥     
ᥡ ...

筮 ⠪      묨 祫᪨ ࠧﬨ.  室 ᯮ,
   魠 -     室,     
  ᮢ襭 祣.      -   ⮫  ᭮
⠤,     ,  ᥣ .

 ⢨⥫쭮, 筮  ⥫  ࠤ, ࠧ ,
⮡ 㢨   ᮮ饭  ᫥ ६饭  ﭨ 
.  -䨭,  -७樨, -, 祧
,    ,    ⠬,  㡨⢠ ७⮢
।ਭ⥫ﬨ, 襭 ⨪ ६਩   . 
⥫࠭  쪠    ஦ 㣣஢:  ᥭ,  ,
...    ࠤ묨 ᮮ饭ﬨ        ᪨
  ,          "  ᪮" ⢠.
࠭ १ ࠭樨,    - 嫥  ନ - 
  拉  !  㯥࠭  ࠧ  ,    ⮬    
ࠦ,    뢠  "쥬",    .  ᫨      
ந室,    筮    ᫮,   ᥣ -  ஭,
⨯ ᮢ ⥫ਠ " ஬ 㯫  XX  ".  
     ⥫। " ":    २
ࠤ,   -ࣥ,     쪠 (,
ᥪ㠫!),  ⮣ ਭ  㪮 (ଠ?!) ᪮ ᢮
襣  ⥫  .    㤮⢥         㯥࠭
ࠫ   ⢮            ୠ,  ᪠
.    ॢ ⢮  ,  ਫ஢,  ୮,
⥪⨢   祬 ,   , 諥,  筮
 ਡ    ॠ쭮  樭᪮᪮    ਬ쭮
ᠭ   .

 -  諠    ᥮饣 ᢥ   "
 祫⢮"   ᮧ 묨 쬨 ⮩ 客  ய,
  砫쭮         ࠢ騬  ⮬  묨
.  " த  ⢥म : ⥯    
室 뢠  ஡᪨ 祫᪨   ,  ࠢ 
 "[29].

㦭 ⬥,   ⮣ न쭮 ࠧ  㦥 
 ,   ⭨   ᠭ  䨪権   蠣 
.       ஦   "㦨   祫᪨   ⢨"   -
"",  ""    "ࠤ"  -  ᠫ    .  [15].
ᨩ᪨  ..ᣠ  [18]    ᢮  業  (      
業  ⮨)   쬨 뤥 ..  "誮
⨯":  "⮫",  "楬"  "த".  ..  ᠫ  
""    "㬠襤"  -   ଭ த  㬭 ࠢ⢥
⨪,  ᮮ⢥⢥.    ᪨ ( -!),     -
,      "襫    㡥,      祫⢥  
᪮쪮 த ᮫⭮ ࠧ ".   ,  ᮡ⢥,  
  ,      ᠭ    ᠬ  ࠧ 権   ⮣ 
䥭:  ⢮  ஦      ࠧ稩      祫᪮
ᥬ⢥.

   㦥   ५ 室  ⪮ 㫨஢ 
ᢥ  ஬ ⢠  ࠧ஧  䠪⮢    ᢨ⥫
  த  祫⢠,    ᤥ । 楯
  ࠧ稩 - 筮 ,   ᠬ 訬 ࠧ, 
᪠,      "୮-  ਠ",     ॡ ᮢ
ᨫ   ᮭ   祭,   ।⠢⥫   ᠬ    ࠧ    樯:
䨧,        ⨪,   宣⨪,   ,
ᯥ樠⮢  ⥬᪮ ஢      㣨.    ⥬  
,    楯  筮  稬,      ᨫ     
⨢,   ,   㤠  ᮡ࠭    ࠧ஧
窮    ࠣ⮢    楫쭮 ⨭,   ᢮  ࠢ 
⮣䨥,  饩  ࠧ᪨, 㤮魮 ᭮
㯭.

    ஧७  祫⢠      騬.
 ,    맮 砫  ॠ  ஭ 
,  宦    ᢮  譨  ਧ        
ࠪ  祭,  -,  ᢥ    ৪  饭  .
㣣,     筮    ,            ஢:
८ਥ஢  180 ࠤᮢ,    ⨯  "ন  !".    
祫⢠    ⮬,          設⢥ ᢮ 
।,   ""  -  "  襫  "!    ⮪    ஬
ࠦ  ,    ⢥,  ࠭ ⭮ ,  
饭 宫᪮    ஭...  筮  ,    ⠪
⮤  । ࠪ,      - ,  祬 祣, 
  ﭭ 짮   ,  ६  ॣ  
  묨 .     ᪮쪮 ஢ 樨,  
 ⮬,     㦥 "  ⥩"    ࠭  
ᠬᮧ:   ।⢥,    ᪠,  ⨭⨢  饭
᢮  ॢ室⢠,    뢠   ᪮      
㦠,  ८   .

⮬,   殢 (,  ᫥ । ਮ 㯮
࠭ " ⮪  ०   楯  蠫  㪮"),  
㤥  ନ  ,    饬-,  ௨    筮 ࠫ
樠      ,      १  ⭮襭
ﯮ楢  ᢮ ࠪ㬨.  ᫨  ਭ   ࠢ -
 窨 ७ ய楢 - 堭⢮ ﯮ楢  ⮬ ,   
㢨    .  ࠪ㬨  㡨   - ,  ᮡ⢥,
᭨ (쬠 "㢠"     㣨  ࠭).      
㡨    -   "襬 砥" -  .   ᮧ  ஬
᫥ ᫨  楤,    类 砥 - 樠 ࠡ稩  .
筮  ,  ࠢ    ᮡ ⠪  筮 ⥯,   
ﯮ᪨ ૨          ⭮      ࠢ  
騬 ᮬ  ६ .

       १      ஢,  ⠪  "᥮饩
⮢" 祫⢠  㤭  ८業.    -      蠣  
᫥  㯥,  ⮬᪨ ⠢   ,  㤠⢥
९ᨨ  㤮   ᨫ  (  ᫥⥫쭮,      ᢨ殢
৮   ᥪ㠫   饭).      ⥫⢠    
祫⢮ 㫮  ,  㦥   饭  ன  ࠢ㢥
拉 - ",  " -  ,   ८ ﭭ,  ⭮ 
ᥫ  ࠧ蠥  ⥫㠫쭮-   ஡⨪      ᫥
"㬠-㬨",   ꥪ⨢ 拉  ,    ࠢ  
- :  ,  讬 , "  㬭,  - ࠪ".

  室 業 ॠ ᨫ,     ॡ 
ᮢ襭   ⠪   蠣   宦.        ⮬,      㦭
ॡ,  ஥  砫    ,        
墠祭  "   ",   ⠪, ⭮  
,      砭 ⮩  砥 ⠪   
    ᠬ:      樠쭮  -   ஦ ன ࠫ
ࠢ  (类 ࠢ)    ᨫ,  ⠪      ᫥
ᠬ  䨧᪮ ⢮ -    ᬮ    
ᨫ,       -  ᠬ 室饥   "". ",
  -     ᫮    ⨭ ".  ,  筮 ,
    "" 冷,   "稥      ᮫",  
  ᪨    ᠤ᪨  "ࠤ"  .      ᫥
⭥,  ⢥,    "䨭ᮢ  "  ࣮楢  㦨      
ந⥫.

 ୮ ६  ௨  ६  졥 ࠤ  ਢ
 ⮬,     稭   ᮧ ࠣ,  ⮬
        ⥦    ᥡ ⭥஢ ।  㣮,
ᮣ   ᠬ ᬥ⢮ ᫮. ,  ᮦ, ᮧ
ࠣ 묨   ᮢ襭  ⠡,     
 ⮫ 뭮ᨬ  ⠡쭮.   ⮫쪮      直
ᥢ,  ,  ,     ०騥  騥 騭  ⥩,
 줨, ⨫,   稥 쪨-⥫ 
६  த,  襤訥  ਭ ய ᢮ "᢮"!   ᮢ襭
ࠢ ᯥ ਧ    ଠ묨,  ..  ஢묨:    
⢨⥫쭮           ᪨  ⮫    -
⢥ (㤮) ன.     㤮,        
ࠧ㬠,  ..        ᨣ쭠 ⥬.  
  ࠫ쭮  塞,    ,      ५,  ᠦ  
᪨   ,   ,  ⨭,    樨    
ᮢ襭 ࠢ -   ,    ᮮ⢥    
㣮  ⥫⢥ (-⠪ ஦  ࠧ稩 
।।騬 䠪஬,    ⥫⢮ 猪  㤥  ⥭  
饩 㤥樨).

     ६  䥪  ⮣  ५,      稬  "孨᪨
ࠪ",  ᮢ襭   ⮦      筮   "祫稢
祫⢠",    ࠭  ᥣ    " ᪮稢訥 
ᢥ",   ᬮ訥 㤥ঠ    樠  ,      ६  
設⢮    "    "  ⠢   ""  (!),
      㤮  ࠧ,    ⥬    ⫨稥,      
⥫쭮  । ࠪ,  設⢮   , ⮡
 砥,   ᪮॥ - 塞  ᮧ   ,  㦠 
᭥  筮. 㦮  ०   , ,  ⮬ ,
筠 ⭮  - ᫥ ਬ⮢ -  砩  頥
.

   ,       ᥢ //㬠襤訥 
ਤ   "ᨮ쭮" ८ਥ஢  ࠭    
ࠡ    쬨,      "    ",  ⠪      㤥 
-०:  த ,   㦥 ,   祫⢠  -
㦥 ᫥ - ய... Dixi.


                                 

1. .. 譥, " 砫 祫᪮ ਨ". ., 1974.
2.    थ, " 祫". ., 1965.
3. ⥩ , " ࠧ ". ., 1983.
4. 㭮 , " ய᪮ ਪ". ., 1977.
5.  , "஫  த". ., 1984.
6.  ᯥ, "  祭 ਨ". ., 1991.
7.  , "ந  ⨪". ., 1963.
8.  , "  ". ., 1994.
9. .. 㬨, " ⭮   ". ., 1990.
10. ஫ 뫠, "᭮ ⨪".  䨨, N10, 1992.
11.  ஬, "-୥". ., 1994.
12.  ஧, "쭮  ⥫⢮". -., 1892.
13. .. ॢ, "樠   ஢ ਨ". ., 1992.
14. ... , " ਨ". ., 1957.
15.  , "   ࠢ⢥". ., 1992.
16. .. -, " ". ., 1991.
17. .. 誥, " ந宦 몠". ., 1994 (7502).
18. .. ᣠ, " ⨯. ய᪨ ". ., 1971.
19. . ⫥, . ॣ, "⨪ 権  ". ., 1973.
20. ..冷, " ᪠ ᥪᮯ⮫". ., 1974.
21. ७ ୨, " ᪠ 宫". -., 1993.
22. " ᥪᮯ⮫",  ।. ..ᨫ祭. ., 1977.
23. ࠤ ७, ".  뢠 ". ., 1994.
24.  ஢, "㤥 ᥪᮯ⮫". ., 1991.
25.  , "宫᪨ ⨯". ., 1995.
26. .. , "㬬 ய". ., 1992.
27. ⨭ , " த : 堭  ". ., 1994.
28. .. 类, "樮-ணᨧ". ., 1994.
29.   , "졠  ". ., 1957.
30.  , "  ࠪ". ., 1991.
31. .. நᮭ, "⨪ ⨪  ⨪". -., 1995.

                                 * * *

⢨⥫쭮  祫  ந襫  ?       ﭠ
  ⨭  ࠧ㬠.  蠥 ,   । ﭮ-    
ࠧ㬭 . .. 饢

                                 * * *

⢮     訢  ஡ ⨪    ࠫ.  
⥬  ⨪    㨧  祫    ⮫  ᮬ த⮬
⢥ ⡮,    ࢭ  ਭ ⥬. ⮬, 
ᠬ   ⢮   祫⢠  뭥  ᥬ⭮  ⮨    ஧,
室  ⢥ ,      ॡ  ⨪,
ॡ 㬠  ⥣᪨ ⨢, 襭 ண  
⥫⢠    㯫    ⭮襭      .  ..
நᮭ
